Reciclado de aceites comestibles usados para la obtención de biocombustible

AIMARETTI NORA; ACCORONI CECILIA; ANSALDI JULIANA; BALABAN DIANA; CLEMENTZ ADRIANA; ITILÁNGELO LUCIANA; PETTINARI NOELIA; TOKMAN GUILLERMO

Córdoba

Congreso; III Congreso Internacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de los alimentos; 2009

Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Nación

Resumen: Una alternativa para reciclar aceites es utilizarlos como materia prima de bajo costo para producir biodiesel. Así, se implementó un proceso de transesterificación con metanol supercrítico, que permitiría procesarlos sin un tratamiento previo y sin necesidad de un catalizador. Se combinaron diferentes relaciones molares para evaluar: agua, FFA, glicerol, metanol, metilésteres, viscosidad e Índice de iodo, a diferentes tiempos de reacción. Al utilizar aceite de soja refinado como materia prima se obtuvo 94-96 % de conversión en biodiesel de calidad aceptable y glicerol en cantidades despreciables. Esto es ventajoso ya que permite eliminar operaciones y reducir lavados, pero el biodiesel obtenido requiere de un refino simple para cumplir la especificación. BIBLIOGRAFÍA Anitescu, G., Deshpande, A., Tavlarides, L. 2008. Integrated Technology for Supercritical Biodiesel Production and Power Cogeneration. Energy & Fuels, 22 (2): 1391-1399. Arredondo, V., Back, D., Carrigan, P., Krenzer, D., Cearley, A.; The Procter & Gamble Company Intellectual Property Division - West Bldg. 2007. Processes for converting glycerol to glycerol ethers. US Patent Applicattion 20070238905. Demirbas, A. 2002. Biodiesel from vegetable oils via transesterification in supercritical methanol. Energy Conversion and Management, 43 (17): 2349-2356. He, H., Wang, T., Zhu, S. 2007. Continuous production of biodiesel fuel from vegetable oil using supercritical methanol process. Fuel, 86(3): 442-447. Hillion, G., Delfort, B., Durand, I.,; Millen White Zelano & Branigan. 2008. Method For Producing Biofuels, Transforming Triglycerides Into At Least Two Biofuel Families: Fatty Acid Monoesters And Ethers And/Or Soluble Glycerol Acetals. US Patent Application 20070283619. Karaosmanoglu, F., Cigizoglu, K., Tuter, M., Ertekin, S. 1996. Investigation of the Refining Step of Biodiesel Production. Energy & Fuels, 10 (4): 890–895. Karinen, R., Krause, A. 2006. New biocomponents from glycerol. Applied Catalysis. A: General, 306 (7): 128-133. Kimmel, T. 2004. Doctoral Thesis, Technischen Universität Berlin. Klepacova, K., Mravec, D., Kaszonji, A., Bajus, M. 2007. Etherification of glycerol and ethylene glycol by isobutylene. Applied Catalysis. A: General, 328 (1): 1-13. Kusdiana, D., Saka, S. 2004. Effects of water on biodiesel fuel production by supercritical methanol treatment. Bioresource Technology, 91 (3): 289-295. Kusdiana, D., Saka, S. 2001. Kinetics of transesterification in rapeseed oil to biodiesel fuel as treated in supercritical methanol. Fuel, 80: 693-698. Negi, D., Sobotka, F., Kimmel, T., Wozny, G., Schomäcker, R. 2006. Liquid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium in Glycerol-Methanol-Methyl Oleate and Glycerol-Monoolein-Methyl Oleate Ternary Systems. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 45 (10): 3693–3696. Minami, E., Saka, S. 2006. Kinetics of hydrolysis and methyl esterification for biodiesel production in two-step supercritical methanol process. Fuel, 85 (17-18): 2479-2483. Pinnarat, T., Savage, P. 2008. Assessment of Noncatalytic Biodiesel Synthesis Using Supercritical Reaction Conditions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 47 (18): 6801–6808. Plank, C., Lorbeer, E. 1995. Simultaneous determination of glycerol, and mono-, di- and triglycerides in vegetable oil methyl esters by capillary gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 697 (1-2): 461-468. Saka, S., Kusdiana, D. 2001. Biodiesel fuel from rapeseed oil as prepared in supercritical methanol methanol. Fuel, 80( 2): 225-231 Sasaki, T., Susuki, T., Okada, F. (2001). Method for preparing fatty acid esters and fuel comprising fatty acid esters. United States Patent 6,187,939. Stern, R., Hillion, G., Rouxel, J., Leporq, S.; Institut Francais du Petrole, Rueil-Malmaison. 1999. Process for the Production of Esters from Vegetable Oils or Animal Oils Alcohols, U.S. Patent 5,908,946. Srivastava, A., Prasad, R. 2000. Triglycerides-based diesel fuels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4 (2): 111-133. Wang, W., Lyons, D., Clark, N., Gautam, M., Norton, P.2003. Emissions from Nine Heavy Trucks Fueled by Diesel and Biodiesel Blend without Engine Modification. Environmental Science & Technology, 34:933-939. Warabi, Y., Kusdiana, D., Saka, S. 2004. Reactivity of triglycerides and fatty acids of rapeseed oil in supercritical alcohols. Bioresource Technology, 91(3): 283-287. Yori, J., D´Ippolito, S., Pieck, C., Vera, C. 2007. Deglycerolization of Biodiesel Streams by Adsorption Over Silica Beds. Energy Fuels, 21 (1): 347–353.