Arginine catabolism and acid tolerance response in Lactobacillus reuteri isolated from sourdough

G.ROLLÁN, G.L.LORCA AND G.FONT DE VALDEZ

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY

Elsevier Science Ltd.

Año: 2003 vol. 20 p. 313 - 319

0740-0020

Abstract The physiological role of arginine degradation by the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway and its relationship with the acid tolerance response (ATR) in Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1098 cells, a lactic acid bacterium of sourdough origin, were studied.The activity of the ADI pathway enzymes (ADI, ornithine transcarbamoylase and carbamate kinase) in L. reuteri CRL 1098 grown in presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. activity of the ADI pathway enzymes (ADI, ornithine transcarbamoylase and carbamate kinase) in L. reuteri CRL 1098 grown in presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. presence of arginine and the formation of ammonia (1.39 mmol l1) and citrulline (1.66 mmol l1) from arginine catabolism indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an important component of the ATR observed at pH 5.0 since cells at the exponential phase grown without arginine and further adapted and challenged without this amino acid remained sensitive to acid stress.The findings of this work provide information about the arginine catabolism by L. reuteri, which can contribute to protect this micro-organism in acid environments. indicated the presence of the ADI pathway in this micro-organism.This system would be involved in the ATR developed by cells grown with arginine and adapted at pH 5.0. The results indicated that the ADI system is triggered either by the adaptation of exponentially growing cells at low pH or by energy depletion of the cells during the stationary phase.Results suggest that ADI is an