INVESTIGADORES
WUNDERLIN Daniel Alberto
artículos
Título:
Endosulfan Induces Oxidative Stress and Changes On Detoxication Enzymes in the Aquatic Macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense
Autor/es:
MENONE, M.L.; PESCE, S. F.; DÍAZ, M. P.; MORENO, V.J.; WUNDERLIN, D. A.
Revista:
PHYTOCHEMISTRY
Editorial:
ELSEVIER
Referencias:
Lugar: USA; Año: 2008 vol. 69 p. 1150 - 1157
ISSN:
0031-9422
Resumen:
Endosulfan (1) is a chlorinated insecticide still in use in both developed and emerging countries. Although its toxicity on animals has
been studied in the last years, scarce information is available on its effects on plants. In this study, we exposed the aquatic macrophyte
been studied in the last years, scarce information is available on its effects on plants. In this study, we exposed the aquatic macrophyte
1) is a chlorinated insecticide still in use in both developed and emerging countries. Although its toxicity on animals has
been studied in the last years, scarce information is available on its effects on plants. In this study, we exposed the aquatic macrophyte
Myriophyllum quitense to environmentally relevant concentrations of endosulfan (lg/L) (1) for a short time, simulating exposures that
might occur after either accidental spills or toxic run-off from agricultural areas. The main goal was to evaluate changes in both detoxication
and antioxidant enzymatic systems of this plant upon exposure to endosulfan (1). Thus, we measured the activities of catalase
(CAT), soluble and membrane associated glutathione-S-transferases (s- and m-GSTs) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Results showed that endosulfan (1) exerts oxidative stress on M. quitense, which was evidenced
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
(CAT), soluble and membrane associated glutathione-S-transferases (s- and m-GSTs) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Results showed that endosulfan (1) exerts oxidative stress on M. quitense, which was evidenced
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
might occur after either accidental spills or toxic run-off from agricultural areas. The main goal was to evaluate changes in both detoxication
and antioxidant enzymatic systems of this plant upon exposure to endosulfan (1). Thus, we measured the activities of catalase
(CAT), soluble and membrane associated glutathione-S-transferases (s- and m-GSTs) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Results showed that endosulfan (1) exerts oxidative stress on M. quitense, which was evidenced
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
(CAT), soluble and membrane associated glutathione-S-transferases (s- and m-GSTs) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Results showed that endosulfan (1) exerts oxidative stress on M. quitense, which was evidenced
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
to environmentally relevant concentrations of endosulfan (lg/L) (1) for a short time, simulating exposures that
might occur after either accidental spills or toxic run-off from agricultural areas. The main goal was to evaluate changes in both detoxication
and antioxidant enzymatic systems of this plant upon exposure to endosulfan (1). Thus, we measured the activities of catalase
(CAT), soluble and membrane associated glutathione-S-transferases (s- and m-GSTs) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Results showed that endosulfan (1) exerts oxidative stress on M. quitense, which was evidenced
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
(CAT), soluble and membrane associated glutathione-S-transferases (s- and m-GSTs) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Results showed that endosulfan (1) exerts oxidative stress on M. quitense, which was evidenced
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
1). Thus, we measured the activities of catalase
(CAT), soluble and membrane associated glutathione-S-transferases (s- and m-GSTs) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Results showed that endosulfan (1) exerts oxidative stress on M. quitense, which was evidenced
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 lg/L endosulfan (1), which is the maximal
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
concentration allowed for freshwater. We conclude that runoff events, which can produce significant amounts of endosulfan (1) in aquatic
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
environments during short time, can result in oxidative stress on M. quitense, and probably on similar macrophytes.
2O2) content. Results showed that endosulfan (1) exerts oxidative stress on M. quitense, which was evidenced
by the increase of CAT activity and the H2O2 content in exposed plants. At 5 lg/L endosulfan (1), we found a generalized induction
of activities of tested enzymes, indicating that this xenobiotic activates the protection system of this plant, increasing its capacity to scavenge
reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, we did not find significant changes at 0.02 l