Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of carbamazepine and other pharmaceuticals in fish under field and controlled laboratory experiments. Evidences of carbamazepine metabolization by fish

VALDÉS M.E; HUERTA B; WUNDERLIN D.A; BISTONI, M.A.; BARCELÓ D; RODRIGUEZ-MOZAZ, S

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2016 vol. 557 p. 58 - 67

0048-9697

There is a growing interest in evaluating the presence of pharmaceutical residues and theirmetabolites in aquatic biota. In this study, twenty pharmaceuticals, including carbamazepine (CBZ) and twometabolites,were analyzed in homogenates of two fish species (Gambusia affinis and Jenynsiamultidentata) captured in polluted areas of the Suquía River (Córdoba, Argentina). The twenty target pharmaceuticalswere found in G. affinis, while only fifteenwere detected in J. multidentata. We observed a noticeable difference in the accumulation pattern of both fish species, suggesting different pathways for the bioaccumulation of polar pharmaceuticals in each fish.In order to investigate uptake and tissue distribution of pharmaceuticals, a detailed study was performed undercontrolled laboratory conditions in J. multidentata, exposed to CBZ. CBZ and two of its metabolites (carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide ? CBZ-EP and 2-hydroxycarbamazepine ? 2-OH-CBZ) were monitored in five organs of fish under laboratory exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of CBZ and its metabolite2-OH-CBZ in gills, intestine, liver, brain and muscle of fish, while the metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-EP) was detected in gills and muscle. A ratio CBZ-EP/CBZ close to 0.1 suggests that gills and muscle of J. multidentata could metabolize CBZ through the CBZ-EP pathway.