Contaminación de alimento comercial seco para perro por Aspergillus flavus y aflatoxinas en Aguascalientes, México

MARTÍNEZ-MARTÍNEZ, LIZBETH; VALDIVIA-FLORES, ARTURO GERARDO; QUEZADA-TRISTÁN, TEÓDULO; GUERRERO-BARRERA, ALMA LILIÁN; RANGEL-MUÑOZ, ERIKA JANET; ARROYO ZÚÑIGA, KARLA ISELA; ÁLVAREZ-DÍAS, FERNANDA; SIGNORINI-PORCHIETTO, MARCELO LISANDRO

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias

INIFAP

Año: 2023 vol. 14 p. 796 - 817

2007-1124

Commercial dry food (CDF) for dogs is a whole grain ration thoroughly mixed and die-cut with heat and pressure to give it the shape of kibble. CDF is formulated with several agro-industrial ingredients and by-products of agricultural and livestock origin. Contamination by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins (AFs) in foods has been shown to be a global problem that causes harm to human and animal health. The objective was to evaluate the presence of fungal microbiota and contamination by AFs in CDF. A random sample (n= 77) of marketed CDF was selected in Aguascalientes, Mexico. The samples were processed and cultured by serial dilutions, obtaining monosporic isolates, which were characterized morphologically, toxigenically (HPLC), and molecularly (PCR). The concentration of AFs in CDF was quantified by HPLC. Fungal growth was observed in 53.2 % of CDF, and 7.8 % exceeded the maximum permissible limit (MPL=106 CFU/g). The genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Mucor, Alternaria, and Fusarium were found (69.4, 12.9, 9.4, 4.7, 1.7, and 1.1 %, respectively). All CDF samples showed contamination by AFs (14.8 ± 0.3 μg/kg), and 11.8 % exceeded the MPL (20.0 μg/kg) suggested by the regulations; contamination was significantly associated (P