INVESTIGADORES
BARROS German Gustavo
congresos y reuniones científicas
Título:
Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol in wheat spikes, grains and flour in Argentina: effect on food safety and quality of wheat grains and by-products.
Autor/es:
PALAZZINI, J.M.; FUMERO, V.; BARROS, G.; CUNIBERTI, M.; CHULZE, S.
Lugar:
Freising
Reunión:
Conferencia; Food Mycology in a Globalized World. Challenges and solutions to the Safety of Food; 2013
Resumen:
Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto is the predominant causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB)
in Argentina, resulting in economic losses through reduction in grain yield,
quality and accumulation of mycotoxins mainly trichothecenes such as
deoxynivalenol (DON). During the harvest season 2012/2013 an epidemic of FHB
occurred in Argentina. The aims of the present study were: - to correlate FHB
severity with F. graminearum DNA
levels in spikes, - to determine the levels of DON in wheat grain and flour
samples collected from the wheat growing region from Argentina, -to quantify F. graminearum both by a microbiological
method and using TaqMan real-time PCR, and - to evaluate the quality of the
grains. On wheat spikes obtained from the field, a good correlation was
observed between disease severity and F.
graminearum DNA levels. From 69 wheat grain samples evaluated, 56 (81%) showed
DON contamination in levels ranging from 0.4 to 8.5 ppm, mean 2.4 ppm. From the
contaminated wheat grain samples, 4 groups were selected based on the DON
content. From each group, 3 flour samples were evaluated for DON contamination.
Nine flour samples showed DON levels approximately 50% lower than the levels
detected in grains. The microbiological examination of the wheat grain and
flour samples showed F. graminearum
contamination. Also most of the samples including grains and flour showed
detection of F. graminearum genomic
DNA using the TaqMan real-time PCR assay. The grain quality indicators such as weight
per 1,000 kernels (g), test weight
(Kg/hl) and protein content (%) were altered in comparison with a non epidemic
year.