CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos

Soybean production in Argentina showed a large expansion of the area planted in the last decade and an implantation of 20.5 million hectares is estimated for the next harvest season 2015/16. The focus of studies on F. graminearum species complex (Fg complex) in Argentina has been largely directed to wheat and maize since these species produce Fusarium head blight and ear or stalk rot, respectively. However, crop rotation like maize-soybean or soybean-wheat in combination with reduced-tillage and no-tillage are practices commonly used for producers in the Córdoba soybean growing area. The adoption of this type of conservation tillage was the most important change that affected members of the Fg complex, which can easily colonize residues of wheat, corn and soybean. In this way, Fg complex isolates that colonize soybean debris could provide inoculum for wheat and maize infections, and those that colonize wheat and maize debris could provide inoculum for soybean infections. Recently, species within the Fg complex were identified as soybean pathogens in South America, producing pod discoloration, seed decay and root rot. Because of the importance of soybean in Argentina and taking into account that this crop is normally used in rotation with wheat and corn, we decided to study populations of the Fg complex that include species considered pathogenic for the three extensive crops. This chapter shows our work in the last years performed on inoculum sources in the soybean agroecosystem, species diversity, genetic diversity, pathogenicity on soybean seedlings and pathogenicity of isolates with different mycotoxin chemotypes on soybean pod, and the role that mycotoxins play in the virulence of strains of Fg complex towards soybean

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