Exploring seed and meal composition and protein solubility in soybean genotypes from different domestication periods

BOSAZ, LINA B.; ALVAREZ PRADO SANTIAGO; ROTUNDO JOSÉ LUIS; MORTERA PABLO; GERDE JOSE A.

JAOCS, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

John Wiley and Sons Inc

Año: 2023 vol. 100 p. 791 - 802

Traditionally, commercial soybean breeding has focused on increasing seedyield by crossing elite cultivars and limiting the genetic diversity within commer-cial germplasm. Wild and ancestral soybean genotypes have higher seed proteinconcentrations than commercial ones. Different seed protein concentrations andcompositions result in diverse functional properties of soybean meal, in particularsolubility is important for beverages and protein isolates production. The objec-tives of our study were (i) to characterize seed protein concentration and compo-sition in genotypes from different soybean domestication periods (types) and(ii) to evaluate the protein concentration and solubility profiles of the defattedmeals obtained from these genotypes. Variation within seed and meal proteinconcentration, composition, and solubility was evident along the domesticationprocess. Wild relative (G. soja) and Elite genotypes had the maximum andminimum seed protein concentrations, respectively (42.9 and 36.3 g 100 g1).Soybean meal protein concentrations were 55.1, 47.7, 48.4 and 44.1 g 100 g1for Wild relative (G. soja), Asian landraces, North American (Nam) ancestorsand Elite, respectively. Ample genotypic variation was observed forβ-conglycinincomponents, such as forβ,α,andα0subunits and for total glycinin and its com-ponents. Asian landraces had the highest protein solubility. Wild and ancestralgermplasm are a reservoir of useful traits to improve soybean seed quality. Thisstudy opens the gates to the introduction of ancestral germplasm to breedingprograms focused on protein quality and functionality