Formaldehyde regulates S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism

PHAM V; BRUEMMER, KEVIN J.; TOEL J; GE, EVA; TENNEY, L; WARD, C; DINGLER, FELIX A.; MILLINGTON, CHRISTOPHER L.; GARCIA-PRIETO, C; PULOS-HOLMES; INGOLIA, N; PONTEL, LUCAS B.; ESTELLER, M; PATEL, KETAN J.; NOMURA, D; CHANG, CHRISTOPHER J.

Science

American Association for the Advancement of Science

Año: 2023 vol. 382

One-carbon metabolism is an essential branch of cellular metabolism that intersects with epigenetic regulation. In this work, we show how formaldehyde (FA), a one-carbon unit derived from both endogenous sources and environmental exposure, regulates one-carbon metabolism by inhibiting the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the major methyl donor in cells. FA reacts with privileged, hyperreactive cysteine sites in the proteome, including Cys120 in S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1 (MAT1A). FA exposure inhibited MAT1A activity and decreased SAM production with MAT-isoform specificity. A genetic mouse model of chronic FA overload showed a decrease n SAM and in methylation on selected histones and genes. Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of Mat1a and related genes function as compensatory mechanisms for FA-dependent SAM depletion, revealing a biochemical feedback cycle between FA and SAM one-carbon units.