Systemic foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in cattle promotes specific antibody secreting cells at the respiratory tract and triggers local anamnestic-compatible responses upon aerosol infection

PEGA, JUAN FRANCO; DI GIACOMO, SEBASTIÁN; BUCAFUSCO, DANILO; SCHAMMAS, JUAN MANUEL; MALACARI, DARIO; BARRIONUEVO, FLORENCIA; CAPOZZO, ALEJANDRA; RODRÍGUEZ, LUIS; BORCA, MANUEL VÍCTOR; PÉREZ FILGUEIRA, MARIANO

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

Lugar: Washington; Año: 2015

0022-538X

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting biungulate species. Commercial vaccines, formulated with inactivated FMD virus (FMDV) particles, are regularly used worldwide to control the disease. Here, we studied the generation of antibody responses in local lymphoid tissues along the respiratory system in vaccinated and further aerosol-infected cattle. Animals immunized with a high payload monovalent FMD vaccine developed neutralizing antibody responses at 7 days post-vaccination (dpv), reaching a plateau by 29 dpv. At this time, FMDV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC), predominantly IgM, were evident in the prescapular lymph node (LN) draining the vaccination site and, interestingly, also in distal LN draining the respiratory system, though in lower numbers. Twenty-nine dpv a significant switch to IgG1 was clear in prescapular LN and FMDV-specific ASC were detected in all lymphoid tissues draining the respiratory tract, mostly as IgM-secreting cells. None of the animals (n=10) exhibited FMD symptoms after oronasal challenge at 30 dpv. Three days after infection, a large increase in ASC numbers and rapid isotype switches to IgG1 were observed, particularly in LN draining primary replication sites already described for the virus. These results indicate for the first time that systemic FMD vaccination in cattle effectively promotes the presence of anti-FMDV ASC in lymphoid tissues associated with the respiratory system. Oronasal infection triggered an immune reaction compatible with a local anamnestic response upon contact with the replicating FMDV, suggesting that FMD vaccination might induce circulation of virus-specific B-lymphocytes, including memory B-cells that differentiate to ASC soon after contact with the infective virus.