A karyotypic review of 47 South American bufonids (Anura, Bufonidae)

NATALIA MARTÍNEZ; JUAN MARTÍN FERRO; ALBERTO TAFFAREL; AILIN BLASCO-ZÚNIGA; R. BORSCHEIN; M. PIE; FRANCISCO KOLENC; M. RIVERA; LEONARDO COTICHELLI; MARTIN PEREYRA; CLAUDIO BORTEIRO; DIEGO BALDO

Foz do Iguaçu

Congreso; International Congress of Genetics; 2018

Sociedade Brasileira de Genetica

The anuran family Bufonidae is a monophyletic taxon with a cosmopolitan distribution that comprises 604 species arranged in 54 genera. To date, cytogenetic data are available for approximately 130 species and restricted to chromosome number and morphology for most of these specices. In this work, we present a cytogenetic review of 47 species of the neotropical genera Melanophryniscus (19 spp.), Dendrophryniscus (1 sp.), Osornophryne (1 sp.), Atelopus (1 sp.), Amazophrynella (2 spp.), Nannophryne (1 sp.), Rhaebo (1 sp.) and Rhinella (21 spp.). In order to determine the usefulness of different chromosome markers, we study the diploid number (2n), fundamental number (FN), heterochromatin patterns and location of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). Chromosome preparations were achieved from cells of intestinal epithelium, by performing conventional staining and differential banding techniques (C-Banding, Ag-NORs and DAPI). All the studied species showed a diploid number of 2n = 2x = 22, character state that optimizes as a synapomorphy of Commutabirana (Bufonidae, Allophrynidae, Centrolenidae, Odontophrynidae, Leptodactylidae and Brachycephaloidea). Moreover, the character state FN = 44 is shared by almost all species of Bufonidae, with exception of Osornophryne (FN = 42) and Amazophrynella bokermanni (FN = 40). The C-bands patterns are also highly conserved in Bufonidae, showing a mainly pericentromeric pattern. On the other hand, the NOR location showed interesting variability, and are observed on pairs 1, 4?8, 10 or 11, providing putative phylogenetic information. Finally, we discuss the chromosome evolution of Bufonidae considering all available cytogenetic information and most inclusive phylogenetic hypothesis for this group.