Stress, alcohol and infection during early development: a brief review of common outcomes and mechanisms.

SURKIN N; LIBERMAN AC; DEAK T; BREANHOUSE H; LASAGA M

JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY.

WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC

Lugar: Londres; Año: 2018

0953-8194

Although stress is an adaptive physiological response to deal with adverse conditions, its occurrence during early stages of life such as infancy or adolescence can induce adaptations in multiple physiological systems, including the reproductive axis (HPG), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the limbic cortex and the immune system. These early changes have consequences in adult life, as seen in the physiological and behavioral responses to stress. This review highlights the impact of several stress challenges incurred at various stages of development (peri-natal, juvenile, adolescent periods) and how developmental timing of early life stress confers unique physiological adaptations that may persist across the lifespan. In doing so, we will emphasize how intrinsic sex differences in the stress response might contribute to sex-specific vulnerabilities, the molecular processes underlying stress in the adult, and potential therapeutic interventions to mitigate the effects of early stage stress, including the novel molecular mechanism of SUMOylation as a possible key target of HPA regulation during early life stress.