El cadmio como citotóxico y como metalohormona. Efectos sobre el eje hipotálamo-hipofisario.

DUVILANSKI BH; CABILLA JIMENA P

INVESTIGACION Y CIENCIA

Asociación Argentina para el progreso de las Ciencias

Lugar: Buenos Aires ; Año: 2014 p. 5 - 19

0210-136X

En las ultimas decadas, la contaminacion ambiental ha aumentado considerablemente y junto con ella la preocupacion concerniente a los efectos adversos de diferentes toxicos ambientales. Entre ellos, el cadmio (Cd), un metal pesado ampliamente usado en la industria y presente en altas concentraciones en el humo del cigarrillo, ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios. Con una vida media muy larga dentro del organismo y una notoria capacidad de bioacumulacion, el Cd es en si una grave amenaza para la salud. Como muchos toxicos, los efectos del Cd en el organismo dependen de la concentracion del metal, del tiempo de exposicion al mismo y de la susceptibilidad diferencial de los tejidos a su accion. Generalmente el Cd a concentraciones micromolares -tanto in vivo como in vitro- provoca en organos endocrinos estres oxidativo, muerte celular por apoptosis y desbalance hormonal. A concentraciones nanomolares, el Cd es capaz de mimetizar los efectos del estrogeno -hormona clave en la reproduccion con accion en tejidos como utero y mama- con potenciales implicancias en la aparicion y desarrollo de patologias neoplasicas hormona-dependientes. Este manuscrito se enfoca en los resultados de las investigaciones de nuestro laboratorio con respecto a los efectos tanto citotoxicos como proliferativos del Cd sobre el sistema hipotalamo-hipofisario y se discute sobre posibles tratamientos para revertir sus efectos deletereos. In the last decades, environmental pollution has considerably increased and also the concern regarding the adverse effects of many environmental toxicants. Among them, cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal widely used in industry and present in high concentrations in cigarette smoke, has been the subject of numerous studies. Once in the organism it shields a very long halflife and a remarkable ability to bioaccumulate, which makes of Cd a serious threat to health. As many toxics, Cd effects in the body depend on the metal concentration, exposure time and differential susceptibility of tissues to its action. Generally, Cd at micromolar concentrations in endocrine organs causes oxidative stress, cell death by apoptosis and hormonal imbalance both, in vivo and in vitro. At nanomolar concentrations, Cd is able to mimic the effects of estrogen -reproductive hormone with key actions in tissues such as uterus and breast- with potential implications for the onset and progression of hormonedependent neoplastic diseases. This manuscript focuses on the results from our laboratory regarding to both, proliferative and cytotoxic effects of Cd on the hypothalamus-pituitary system and discusses possible treatments to reverse its deleterious effects.in vivo como in vitro- provoca en organos endocrinos estres oxidativo, muerte celular por apoptosis y desbalance hormonal. A concentraciones nanomolares, el Cd es capaz de mimetizar los efectos del estrogeno -hormona clave en la reproduccion con accion en tejidos como utero y mama- con potenciales implicancias en la aparicion y desarrollo de patologias neoplasicas hormona-dependientes. Este manuscrito se enfoca en los resultados de las investigaciones de nuestro laboratorio con respecto a los efectos tanto citotoxicos como proliferativos del Cd sobre el sistema hipotalamo-hipofisario y se discute sobre posibles tratamientos para revertir sus efectos deletereos. In the last decades, environmental pollution has considerably increased and also the concern regarding the adverse effects of many environmental toxicants. Among them, cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal widely used in industry and present in high concentrations in cigarette smoke, has been the subject of numerous studies. Once in the organism it shields a very long halflife and a remarkable ability to bioaccumulate, which makes of Cd a serious threat to health. As many toxics, Cd effects in the body depend on the metal concentration, exposure time and differential susceptibility of tissues to its action. Generally, Cd at micromolar concentrations in endocrine organs causes oxidative stress, cell death by apoptosis and hormonal imbalance both, in vivo and in vitro. At nanomolar concentrations, Cd is able to mimic the effects of estrogen -reproductive hormone with key actions in tissues such as uterus and breast- with potential implications for the onset and progression of hormonedependent neoplastic diseases. This manuscript focuses on the results from our laboratory regarding to both, proliferative and cytotoxic effects of Cd on the hypothalamus-pituitary system and discusses possible treatments to reverse its deleterious effects.in vivo and in vitro. At nanomolar concentrations, Cd is able to mimic the effects of estrogen -reproductive hormone with key actions in tissues such as uterus and breast- with potential implications for the onset and progression of hormonedependent neoplastic diseases. This manuscript focuses on the results from our laboratory regarding to both, proliferative and cytotoxic effects of Cd on the hypothalamus-pituitary system and discusses possible treatments to reverse its deleterious effects.