Modulation of gut immune response by probiotic fermented milk consumption to control IgE production in a respiratory allergy model

VELEZ, EVA MARÍA; NOVOTNY NUÑEZ, IVANNA; CORREA, SILVIA; GABRIELA PERDIGÓN; MALDONADO GALDEANO, CAROLINA

Beneficial Microbes

Wageningen Academic Publishers

Año: 2021

1876-2883

Allergies are a world increasing health issue; most treatments are oriented to alleviate symptoms. Probiotics have health benefits improving immune responses. In previous work we found that commercial probiotic fermented milk (PFM) significantly reduced specific-IgE levels in serum increasing specific-IgG and controlled allergic response in an adult mouse respiratory allergy model to ovalbumin (OVA). Here we continue our study determining the mechanism triggered in the gut by the PFM ingestion that influence the diminution of IgE previously reported. Five different groups of BALB/c mice were assessed: normal-control, basal (drinks PFM five days without OVA sensitization), sensitization-control (no PFM intake), previous and continuous-PFM administration. Allergen administration: 3 OVA injections (1% in PBS) followed by aerosols exposure for 7 days. Lactobacilli, enterobacteria and strict anaerobes populations were analysed in large intestine; total S-IgA and cytokines in small intestine-(SI) fluid; CD11b+, CD103+, IgA+ cells and cytokine producing cells were studied in SI. In lungs we analysed co-expression of CD4 with IFN-γ or IL-10, IgE+ cells and IL-12 quantification. PFM maintained lactobacilli population and reduced enterobacteria counts. The continuous intake of PFM increased the expression of CD103 marker and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Co-expression of CD4 and IFN-γ was confirmed in lungs from continuous PFM intake in parallel with less count of IgE+ cells and higher IL-12 concentration. PFM consumption induces signalling from the gut to the lungs by increasing CD103+ dendritic cells expression related with regulatory mechanisms, controlling the IgE level. We demonstrated that PFM intake induced a clear balance to Th1 response preventing Th2 allergy response. PFM could be a good strategy to alleviate allergy development.