BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Castela tweedii EXTRACTS.

M. N. CAMPAGNA, P.L. LOPEZ, S.V. CLEMENTE, I. NOCITO, A. M. BROUSSALIS, M. GATTUSO.

Rosario

Congreso; 2ª Reunión Internacional de Ciencias Farmacéuticas (RICIFA); 2012

Universidad Nacional de Rosario

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Castela tweedii EXTRACTS. Campagna MN 1, Clemente SV4, López PG3, Nocito I2, Broussalis AM3, Gattuso M1. 1Farmacobotánica. 2Area de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmaceúticas. UNR. Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina., 3Farmacognosia, IQUIMEFA (UBA-CONICET) Fac. Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA. 4Protección Vegetal, Facultad Agronomía UBA e-mail: mcampagn@fbioyf.unr.edu.ar Castela twedii Griseb. is a small tree that grows mainly in Argentina. It is populary named as “granadillo” or “molle single”. It’s belong to the Simaroubaceae family, characterized for the presence of bitter principles knowing as quassinoids. In recent years attention has been focused on quassinoids as several of them have shown promising antitumor, antiinflamatory, antifeedant (Okano, 2000) and antimalarial properties. Altought Malaria has low incidence in Argentina, this is an endemic zone for Chagas, another parasitic disease caused by Tripanosoma cruzi. In Argentina, decoction of leaves and bark from C. tweedii have been populary used agaisnt dysentery, diarrhea and others gastroinstestinal disorders (Martinez Crovetto, 1981). Oxidant stress, such as that due to free radicals and/or reactive oxygen species is known to cause organ injury. A growing body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many clinical conditions involving cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders. The involvement of free radicals in gastrointestinal injury observed after ischemia-reperfusion has also been reported. Therefore, antioxidant agents play an important role in the treatment of intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (Sasaki and Joh, 2007). For these reasons, the aim of this work was to examinate the insecticidal, trypanocidal and free radical scavenger activity of C. tweedii diclorometanic’s and metanolic’s extracts, beginning with a phytochemical characterization of the active extracts. The insecticidal activities of the extracts were determined against Ceratitis capitata Wied., the Mediterranean fruit fly, a worldwide pest and, in Argentina, one of the most important pests of fruit crops, especially citrus. Trypanocidal activities were determined against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, and antioxidant activity against the free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Phytochemical characterization was performed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in different chromatography systems, and by HPLC with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) employing a C18 column. The highest C. capitata larvae mortality avarege was attained by wood dicloromethanic extract (95%) in the inhalation assay. Leaf dicloromethanic and methanolic extracts were the most actives against T. cruzi, showing 61 and 75% of parasite´s growth inhibition. Leaf methanolic extract was the most active in trapping DPPH free radical, with an CI50 = 0,063mg/mL. Primary phytochemical analisys demonstrated the presence of scopoletin, β-sitosterol and β-carbolinic alkaloids in wood dicloromethanic extract, and, rutin, chlorogenic acid, galic acid and tannins in leaf methanolic extract. The high antioxidant activity and polyphenols contents could justify, at least in part, the popular use of Castela tweedii leaf extracts. -Martinez Crovetto R. 1981. Plantas utilizadas en medicina en el NO de Corrientes. Miscelanea 69. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina. Pp. 63 -Okano M, Fukamiya N, Lee KH. 2000. Studies in Nat. Prod. Chem. (23) :285-333. -Sasaki M, Joh T. 2007. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 40: 1–12,