Endothelins: A family of peptides with multiple biological functions

VATTA MS; BIANCIOTTI LG; PERFUME G; NABHEN S; HOPE S; RIQUELME BARRERA K

Function of Neuropeptides at Central Nervous System

Research Signpost

Lugar: Kerala; Año: 2009; p. 149 - 169

The endothelins comprise a family of three isopeptides: endothelin-1, endothelin-2 and endothelin-3. These peptides were initially identified as potent vasoconstrictor agents but later studies showed that they are actually involved in the regulation of multiple biological functions. Two well characterized and widely distributed G-protein coupled receptors, ETA and ETB, mediate the effects of endothelins. However, various functional studies support the existence of non-conventional or atypical receptors termed ETAX and ETBX.  Furthermore, a third receptor subtype, ETC, which displays high affinity for endothelin-3 has been reported. The activation of ETA and ETB receptors triggers the activation of multiple signaling pathways that mediate a variety of biological effects including the regulation of cardiovascular function, water and sodium homeostasis, the secretion of different hormones and neurohormones, as well as various effects in the central nervous system.