INTEC   05402
INSTITUTO DE DESARROLLO TECNOLOGICO PARA LA INDUSTRIA QUIMICA
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
capítulos de libros
Título:
Decontamination of commercial chlorpyrifos in water using the UV/H2O2 process
Autor/es:
FEMIA, J.; MARIANI, M.L.; CASSANO, A.E.; ZALAZAR, C.S.; TISCORNIA, I.
Libro:
Advanced Oxidation Processes
Editorial:
CRC Press/Balkema
Referencias:
Año: 2012;
Resumen:
In the last few years, both the extensive use of pesticides to increase agricultural production and the intensive development of new chemicals have dramatically increased the variety and amount of agrochemicals present in the environment. In Argentina, for example, the use of glyphosate as a herbicide has increased from 1 million liters in 1991 to 180 million in 2007 (Binimelis et al., 2009). Chlorpyrifos is the most widely used insecticide. In 2010, more than 8 million liters were used, which represent an increase of 100% compared to 2006 (SENASA, Argentina).Pesticide wastes from containers and equipment rinsates constitute a serious problem in many countries. The inappropriate disposal of such wastes causes the contamination of soil, groundwater and surface waters. Consequently, it is necessary to develop a treatment to remove these harmful substances from the environment.Chlorpyrifos (CP, o,o-diethyl-o-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate; Fig. 1) is an organophosphate pesticide which is commercially supplied dissolved in organic solvents with emulsifying additives owing to its low solubility in water (1.39 mg L-1 at 25°C, Giesy et al., 1999). Emulsifiable concentrate formulations represent the largest volume of all formulations deployed worldwide (Knowles, 2008; Kundu et al., 2012). They are used for insect control in several crops, such as cotton, corn and alfalfa. Also CP emulsifiable formulations are used as anti-parasitics on cattle. CP is moderately persistent in soils with a medium life of less than 1 day to 240 days, depending on the soil type (Pino and Peñuela, 2011). As most organophosphorates, when this pesticide is used incorrectly or excessively, it may cause significant environmental damage and at the same time it could generate DNA damage, cell malformations, and neurological damage in humans and animals. CP was also considered as the most toxic insecticide for two marine invertebrates (Artemia sp. and Brachionous plicatilis) (Guzzella et al., 1997). In 2009, Argentina’s Ministry of Health banned CP for domestic use, since it was considered a threat to public health (Res. Nº 456)