IMBICE   05372
INSTITUTO MULTIDISCIPLINARIO DE BIOLOGIA CELULAR
Unidad Ejecutora - UE
artículos
Título:
The Phylogeny of the Four Pan-American MtDNA
Autor/es:
ACHILLI A; PEREGO UA; BRAVI CM; COBLE MD; KONG QP; WOODWARD SR; SALAS A; TORRONI A; BANDELT HJ
Revista:
PLoS ONE
Editorial:
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Referencias:
Año: 2008 vol. 3 p. 1764 - 1764
Resumen:
Abstract
Only a limited number of complete mitochondrial genome sequences belonging to Native American haplogroups were
available until recently, which left America as the continent with the least amount of information about sequence variation
of entire mitochondrial DNAs. In this study, a comprehensive overview of all available complete mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) genomes of the four pan-American haplogroups A2, B2, C1, and D1 is provided by revising the information
scattered throughout GenBank and the literature, and adding 14 novel mtDNA sequences. The phylogenies of haplogroups
A2, B2, C1, and D1 reveal a large number of sub-haplogroups but suggest that the ancestral Beringian population(s)
contributed only six (successful) founder haplotypes to these haplogroups. The derived clades are overall starlike with
coalescence times ranging from 18,000 to 21,000 years (with one exception) using the conventional calibration. The average
of about 19,000 years somewhat contrasts with the corresponding lower age of about 13,500 years that was recently
proposed by employing a different calibration and estimation approach. Our estimate indicates a human entry and spread
of the pan-American haplogroups into the Americas right after the peak of the Last Glacial Maximum and comfortably
agrees with the undisputed ages of the earliest Paleoindians in South America. In addition, the phylogenetic approach also
indicates that the pathogenic status proposed for various mtDNA mutations, which actually define branches of Native
American haplogroups, was based on insufficient grounds.