A Maternal Diet Enriched In Extra Virgin Olive Oil Prevents Alterations In Placental Morphology And Overactivity Of Matrix Metalloproteinases In Maternal Blood In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pregnancies

GOMEZ RIBOT, DALMIRO; GOMEZ, HEBE LORENA; JAWERBAUM, ALICIA; FAZIO, MARÍA VICTORIA; CAPOBIANCO, EVANGELINA; DÍAZ, ESTEBAN; MACCHI, SILVIA BEATRIZ

Río de Janeiro (virtual)

Congreso; LATIN AMERICAN DOHaD 2020. One World One Health. On the Web.; 2020

Latin American DOHaD Chapter

Background and Aim:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent disease that increases the risks of maternal, fetal and placental complications and leads to the programming of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. The placenta is relevant in fetal programming and changes in its morphology are associated to an adverse programming in different maternal diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes highly relevant in development, but markers of a pro-inflammatory state when produced in excess. GDM is associated to an intrauterine proinflammatory environment. At term, GDM pregnancies show increased MMPs activity in the placenta, an alteration that may also occur in maternal blood. Our recent studies have shown that a dietary supplementation with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is capable of preventing increased maternal weight gain and circulating triglycerides, as well as modulating MMPs overactivity in the placenta. In this work, we hypothesized that a maternal diet enriched in EVOO modulates placental macroscopic morphology, circulating total and HDL-cholesterol levels and maternal blood MMPs activity in women with GDM.Methods:Fifty heathy (Control) and GDM patients were enrolled after signing an informed consent (protocol approved by the Ethics Committee of Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Buenos Aires), and all of them were advised to follow the WHO diet for pregnancy. GDM patients were randomized to receive or not a daily dietary supplementation of EVOO (three tablespoons) from diagnosis (week 24-28 of gestation) until delivery. Blood from the mothers was obtained at term for the evaluation of cholesterol levels (colorimetric assay) and the gelatinolytic activity of MMPs (zymography analysis). At delivery (weeks 37-38 of gestation), placental morphology was evaluated.Results:Although the placenta diameter and perimeter were similar in the three evaluated groups (Control, GDM and GDM-EVOO groups), the placentas from the GDM group were thicker compared to the Control group (15%, p