Feeding diets enriched in PUFAs to pregestational diabetic rats ameliorate metabolic parameters and placental lipoperoxidation in their pregnant offspring.

EVANGELINA CAPOBIANCO , DAIANA FORNES, IVANA LINENBERG, VERÓNICA WHITE, ALICIA JAWERBAUM

Congreso; IFPA2015- The Placenta: Influence and impact; 2015

We have previously found that a pregestational diabetic rat model (F0) leads to gestational diabetes (GDM) in their pregnant offspring (F1). Diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) capable of activating PPARs, including PPARgamma, ameliorate the prooxidant/proinflammatory intrauterine environment in pregestational diabetic rats (F0). We hypothesized that the pregnant offspring of pregestational diabetic rats can be benefited by F0 treatments with PUFAs. Aim: To evaluate metabolic parameters as well as placental PPARgamma and lipoperoxidation levels in control rats (Control group) and in rats whose diabetic mothers (F0) were treated during pregnancy with i) a standard diet (STD group), ii) a diet enriched in 6% safflower oil during pregnancy (SAFF group) or iii) a diet enriched in 6% safflower oil (days 1-14 of pregnancy) and 6% chia oil (day 14 of pregnancy to term) (CHIA group). Sera and placenta from F1 were evaluated on day 21 of pregnancy. Placental PPARgamma was immunolocalized and TBARS concentrations measured as markers of oxidative stress. Results: The STD and CHIA groups, but not the SAFF group, developed GDM. The STD and SAFF groups, but not the CHIA group, showed increased triglyceridemia and cholesterolemia compared to Control group. Fetal glycemia and lipidemia were increased in the STD and SAFF groups but not in the CHIA group compared to Control group. Although placental weight showed no changes in the groups evaluated, fetal weight, which was increased in the STD group compared to controls, was similar to controls in the SAFF and CHIA groups. Although placental PPARgamma concentrations were reduced in the STD group compared to Control group, no changes were evident between the dietary treated groups. Placental TBARS concentrations, which were increased in the STD and SAFF groups compared to Control group, were similar to controls in the CHIA group. Conclusions: Maternal diets enriched in PUFAs can regulate intrauterine programming of metabolic and placental alterations in the following generation.