The Surfactin-Like Lipopeptides From Bacillus spp.: Natural Biodiversity and Synthetic Biology for a Broader Application Range

THEATER A; CANO PRIETO; BARTOLINI MARCO; ARABOLAZA A,; GRAMAJO, H; GROSS, H; PHILLIPE J

Frontiers in Bioengineering and biotechnology

Springer Nature

Año: 2021

Surfactin is a lipoheptapeptide produced by several Bacillus species and identified forthe first time in 1969. At first, the biosynthesis of this remarkable biosurfactant wasdescribed in this review. The peptide moiety of the surfactin is synthesized using hugemultienzymatic proteins called NonRibosomal Peptide Synthetases. This mechanism isresponsible for the peptide biodiversity of the members of the surfactin family. In addition,on the fatty acid side, fifteen different isoforms (from C12 to C17) can be incorporated soincreasing the number of the surfactin-like biomolecules. The review also highlights thelast development in metabolic modeling and engineering and in synthetic biology to directsurfactin biosynthesis but also to generate novel derivatives. This large set of differentbiomolecules leads to a broad spectrum of physico-chemical properties and biologicalactivities. The last parts of the review summarized the numerous studies related to theproduction processes optimization as well as the approaches developed to increasethe surfactin productivity of Bacillus cells taking into account the different steps of itsbiosynthesis from gene transcription to surfactin degradation in the culture medium.