Composite bi-layers and laminated films based on gelatin and chitosan

RIVERO, S.; GARCIA, M.A.; PINOTTI, A.

JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING

Elsevier

Año: 2009 vol. 90 p. 531 - 539

0260-8774

The aims of this work were: to develop composite, bi-layer and laminated biodegradable films based on gelatin and chitosan, to determine film barrier and mechanical properties and to characterize their microstructure. Gelatin and chitosan concentrations used were 7.5% and 1% (w/w), respectively. Glycerol (0.75%) was added as plasticizer. Physicochemical properties such as moisture content, transparency and color were analyzed. Composite and bi-layer systems showed a compact structure indicating a good compatibility between components. Water vapor permeability (WVP) was independent of film thickness up to 120 lm for gelatin films and 60 lm for chitosan ones. Both, bi-layer and laminated systems resulted effective alternatives to reduce WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). 60 lm for chitosan ones. Both, bi-layer and laminated systems resulted effective alternatives to reduce WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). 60 lm for chitosan ones. Both, bi-layer and laminated systems resulted effective alternatives to reduce WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). 60 lm for chitosan ones. Both, bi-layer and laminated systems resulted effective alternatives to reduce WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). 60 lm for chitosan ones. Both, bi-layer and laminated systems resulted effective alternatives to reduce WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). 60 lm for chitosan ones. Both, bi-layer and laminated systems resulted effective alternatives to reduce WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). lm for gelatin films and 60 lm for chitosan ones. Both, bi-layer and laminated systems resulted effective alternatives to reduce WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%). lm for chitosan ones. Both, bi-layer and laminated systems resulted effective alternatives to reduce WVP of composite films (at least 42.5%). Bi-layer systems showed better mechanical properties than laminated ones. The resistance at break increased from 54.3 for composite to 77.2 MPa for bi-layer films, whereas elongation at break values of both composite and bi-layer films were similar (2.2–5.7%).