CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos

Our group has recently demonstrated that the IL-15 triggering effect of gliadin is not exclusive of Coeliac Disease (CD) patients, whereas the secondary response remains exclusive of those patients. Therefore, we have studied the IL-15 expression in the CD duodenum as well as the immune response to an IL-15 challenge in duodenal explants from non-CD and CD patients in order to examine a lower immunological threshold in the later 42 CD patients (20 untreated and 22 treated) and 24 non-CD healthy individuals were studied. IL15Rα mRNA expression, and tissue characterization by immnunofluorescence, were assayed in the duodenum. IL15Rα mRNA expression was increased in CD patients, as compared to non-CD controls (treated p=0.0334, untreated p=0.0062; respectively), and confirmed also by immunofluorescence. No differences were found between treated and untreated CD patients. Biopsies from 6 treated CD patients and 10 non-CD individuals were also basal cultured and challenged with IL-15 after discarding basal IL-15 production by Western-blot. Nitrites, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2 and IL-12p70 secretion were measured in the culture supernatants. After IL-15 challenge, IL15Rα expression was only triggered in non-CD controls (p=0.0313), remaining already increased in CD patients. Moreover, IL-15 induced a more intense immunological response in CD patients after triggering the production of both nitrites and IFNγ (p= 0.0313, p= 0.0313; respectively). In conclusion, we have demonstrated a lower IL-15 response threshold in the CD duodenum. Therefore, the gliadin-induced IL-15 in patients and non-CD controls may lead more easily to the production of other immune mediators in the fist, and the development of the intestinal lesion and thus magnifying its effects within the CD intestine.

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