The gliadin p31-43 peptide: inducer of multiple proinflammatory effects

CHIRDO F.G; AURICCHIO S; TRONCONE, RICCARDO; BARONE MV

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

Elsevier

Año: 2021 vol. 358 p. 165 - 205

1937-6448

Celiac disease (CD) is the prototype of inflammatory chronic disease induced by food. In this context, gliadin p31-43 peptide comes into the spotlight as an important player of the inflammatory/innate immune response to gliadin in CD. The p31-43 peptide is part of the p31-55 of α-gliadins that remains not digested for long time and can be present in the small intestine after a gluten-containing diet. Different biophysical methods and molecular dynamic simulations showed that p31-43 spontaneously forms oligomeric nanostructures, while experimental approaches using in vitro assays, mouse models, and human duodenal tissues have shown that p31-43 is able to induce different forms of cellular distress driving multiple inflammatory pathways. Increased proliferative activity of the epithelial cells in the crypts, enterocyte stress, activation of TG2, induction of Ca2+, IL-15 and NFkB signaling, inhibition of CFTR, alteration of vesicular trafficking and activation of the inflammasome platform, are some of biological effects which in the presence of the susceptibility and environmental factors may act together to drive the CD.