DAILY SODIUM CONSUMPTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY IN GENERAL POPULATION. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE STUDIES

ROSANA POGGIO, MD, MSC ; LAURA GUTIERREZ, MHSC; MARÍA GABRIELA MATTA, MD, NATALIA ELORRIAGA, MHSC; VILMA IRAZOLA, MD, MSC; ADOLFO RUBINSTEIN MD, MSC, PHD

PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION.

CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

Lugar: Cambridge; Año: 2014

1368-9800

Background: Several reports showed the direct association between salt intake and incident cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between salt intake and cardiovascular mortality or total mortality has not been clearly demonstrated. We aimed to determine whether elevated dietary salt intake is associated with cardiovascular mortality in general population. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies representing the general population. The adjusted relative risk and their 95% confidence intervals were pooled by the inverse variance method using random-effects models. Heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were performed. Results: Higher sodium intake was significantly associated with higher cardiovascular mortality (Relative risk 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.19). In the sensitive analysis, the exclusion of studies with important relative weights did not significantly affect the results (Relative risk 1.08, 95% CI 1.01- 1.15). The meta-regression analysis showed that for every 10 mmol/day increase in sodium intake the cardiovascular mortality significantly increased 1% (p 0.016). Age, hypertensive status and length of follow up were also associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion: Higher sodium intake was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality in the general population. These results are sufficiently robust to recommend a reduction in salt intake also in subjects with an average risk of developing cardiovascular events.