Weedy ferns (Polypodiopsida) in Argentina: diversity, distribution and impact on human activities and ecosystems

YAÑEZ, A.; GUTIERREZ, D.; PONCE, M. M.

ANAIS DA ACADEMIA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIAS.

ACAD BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIAS

Año: 2020 vol. 92

0001-3765

Currently, in Argentina 368 species of true ferns (i.e. Polypodiopsida class) are distributed throughout the country, however, only four species have been mentioned until now as weeds and ruderal species. The goal of this work was made an update of weedy ferns from Argentina, including taxonomy, morphology, distribution, and type of weed according to its impact on natural habitats and / or human activities. All the Argentine fern species were analyzed based on main references, herbarium specimens, and field trips. As a result of our study 25 species were recorded from Argentina and classified as segetal, ecological, or aquatic weeds, and ruderal an / or toxic species. Current taxonomic identity, diagnostic characters, origin, habitat, geographical distribution, common names, and impact and potential risks were indicated by species. In addition, a dichotomous key to species, presence of these species in southern South American countries, and photographs in natural habitat were provided. This work represents the first review about native and exotic ferns from Argentina that cause an impact on human activities or disturbed native habitats. The results constitute a starting point for future exhaustive studies about the ecological role and the distribution of weedy ferns from South America.