The construction of the archives of repression. The dilemma of historical memory in Spain /Argentina

MINARDI ADRIANA E.

Kassel

Conferencia; Argentinienforum: Spring Academy 2015. "Vor dem Fall - Krise und Identität aus kontrastiv- interdisziplinärer Sicht"; 2015

Institut für Romanistik. Argentinienforum, Kassel.

On the "against Franco" Spanish community in Argentina, the thematic overlap cut interest because of the "dangerousness" political-ideological two other group traits, the dissident being and those under the Francoism regime imprint that help to characterize the other in relation to the identity which charges the "we" of the discourse community of DIPBA. Regarding the "against Franco" Spanish groups, archived documents on the ideological political intelligence exiled Spanish intellectuals and active in Buenos Aires were selected (Luis Alberto Quesada, for example, was one of them) and related institutions of Republican spectrum, such as ICE, APE, PSOE, Spanish Republican Center of Buenos Aires, Republican Action and Galician Center of Buenos Aires.The memory places have been defined from the perspective of those artifacts, concrete and, that a State uses to secure its hegemonic position. Pierre Nora (1997) returns to the problem of acceleration of history, the opposition History / Memory and continuity argument to analyze the stories of the places of memory, stories "deaf" to relate to both historical memory with the collective. In this sense, Nora understands that memory is a symbolic consequence of social frameworks; for this is of sacred and changing character as the story is the representation of the past and the distance from the present. Places and memory topoi supposed to see, in the case of the Spanish exiles, in particular, as well as related political groupings to Spanish republicanism, these variations of the monopoly Spain and uniform gets different discursive memories, whose referent is the figure of Manuel Azaña, president of the Second Republic. Nora explains that analyze the construction of events in time; so what matters is reviewing its significance, not the past as it took place but its intra-unit, uses and misuses and the pregnancy on the present. Describe also will point the economy and administration of memories (1997: 4). We want to outline some operational lines to the analysis of the relationship between discursive memory and lieux de mémoire called in particular in addressing the problem of the Civil War and the Franco period. Nora intended performing supposed an "inventaire des lieux où elle [la memoria nacional francesa] s´est électivement incarnée et qui, par la volonté des hommes ou le travail des siècles, en sont restés comme les plus éclatants symboles: fêtes, emblèmes, monuments et commémorations, mais aussi éloges, dictionaires et musées". (1997, 1: 15) This inventory left drifting further the notion of memory location since we do not know or understand the particular topos symbolic use. For example, Le Grand Robert de la langue française defined the lieu de mémoire 1993 as a meaningful unity, material or ideal order, to which the will of men or work time became a symbolic element of a given community. In this sense, the notion of file diversified and may be defined between places of memory and memory deposits, reserving the first for categories prefixed by Pierre Nora and leaving the latter freer and fuzzy employment (Cuesta Bustillo, 1998: 219), where even a proper name is understood as a place of memory.In recent years, given the widening scope of memoirs in Spain, with strong time in the novel and essay since the death of Francisco Franco in 1975, it is added to the recovery of past activities museums and even search as is the "exemplary" case of Federico García Lorca. In this regard, the proposal includes three objectives, from which we will seek to delimit the influence of discursive memory of Catholic nationalism (Minardi, 2010) monitoring devices around 1) of exiled Spanish intellectuals and Buenos Aires and 2) related to the Republican spectrum institutions. The project was then proposed to study file "cases" of Spanish intellectuals. On the one hand, those who worked closely with the daily La Nación (in this sense also published editorials be analyzed) Some Spanish collaborators of the paper from before the war Adolfo Posada, Ortega y Gasset, John Doe, Gregorio Marañón Rafael Altamira, among others, already in the early stages of exile continued to send their work from outside Spain. Shortly thereafter began arriving in Argentina´s capital early Spanish exiles: the first, Ramón Gómez de la Serna, continued to publish in this medium ?Greguerías? as well as some essays and stories; Guillermo de Torre, who had lived in Buenos Aires between 1927 and 1932, returned in 1937; his contributions to La Nación recommenced in 1942. Francisco Ayala, who had been in Buenos Aires in 1936, will join the cast of newly arrived employees of the newspaper, in 1939; publish in its pages for almost a decade essays of literary criticism, sociological issues, and even a short story. The writer Rosa Chacel, meanwhile, sent their contributions to La Nación from Rio de Janeiro, or directly in Buenos Aires, as from 1939 will alternate their residence between these two cities. Years later, in 1944, signing Lorenzo Luzuriaga, a prominent teacher who enter the country hired by the University of Tucumán will be added; after, already installed in Buenos Aires, will take charge of the direction of the Pedagogical Collection in Editorial Losada. The politician, journalist and writer from Granada Melchor Almagro San Martin, meanwhile, will be installed in Buenos since the summer of 1936, to return to Madrid once the contest. Already in the Spanish capital, regularly publish their work for La Nación since 1941.As a particular case should be mentioned collaborations with some Spanish intellectuals andresidents in Argentina, which quickly among the exiles were assimilated; as in the case of Amado Alonso, who served since 1927 as director of the Institute of Philology of the University of Buenos Aires. Alonso´s successor in the direction of the Institute, the philologist Alonso Zamora Vicente, remained in Argentina´s capital from 1948 to 1952; invited by Eduardo Mallea literary prose writing in La Nación, continued his collaborations after his return to Salamanca in 1952. Research and monitoring role of associations linked to intellectual practices (ICE, APE, PSOE, Republican Association Navarra, Casa de Castilla, Spanish Republican Center of Buenos Aires, Republican Action, Spanish Association for the Advancement of Science, Center Buenos Aires- Asturias, Galician Center of Buenos Aires, among others) as well as active participants in such practices, who will be interviewed: the case of Luis Alberto Quesada, for example. Also for Basque separatism accessions to be an object of analysis in this section, especially the social sector of the Basque clergy. Also, the case of construction "20N" referring to November 20 in the context of the anniversary of the deaths of José Antonio Primo de Rivera and Francisco Franco by Phalangists, nostalgic of Francoism and right-wing groups; but also due to the anniversary of the murder of Basque nationalist politicians Santiago Brouard, killed in 1984, and Josu Muguruza, murdered in 1989, which document is based on the file investigated. Given the relationship between police files and memory on repression and authoritarian regimes, the transfer of the results of the development of this project would contribute to the social memory criticism from the public on a central aspect of the history of the twentieth century in Argentina. Partial results of this research are displayed on posters that show the declassified files and scanned from a sampling case analysis.