Regional aspects of future precipitation and meteorological drought characteristics over Southern South America projected by a CMIP5 multi-model ensemble

PENALBA O. RIVERA J.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY

JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD

Lugar: LOndres; Año: 2016 vol. 36 p. 974 - 986

0899-8418

ABSTRACT: This article addresses the regional impacts of climate change on precipitation and meteorological drought overSouthern South America (SSA) through a CMIP5 multi-model ensemble based on 15 General Circulation Models (GCMs)forced under two different greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). An assessment of the biases in therepresentation of the precipitation annual cycle was performed over the 1979 ? 2008 period over five regions within SSA, basedon a comparison between the GCMs precipitation outputs with the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) dataset.The multi-model ensemble well reproduces the shape of the annual cycle of precipitation over most of SSA, although themonthly totals were overestimated (underestimated) over the North-West and South (North-East and Central-East) regions.Changes in precipitation and meteorological drought characteristics were identified by the difference for early (2011?2040)and late (2071?2100) 21st century values with respect to the 1979?2008 baseline, using the standardized precipitation indexas a short- and long-term drought indicator. Future climate conditions are expected to modify the regional characteristics ofmeteorological droughts over SSA, but the range of uncertainty in the expected changes is high. A significant increase in thenumber of drought events in all the regions for most of the 21st century sub-periods is projected for the multi-model ensemble.The mean duration of drought events will be shorter, with no significant changes in the severity of droughts and the occurrenceof multi-decadal changes in the number of critical dry months is likely, although the significance in the changes depends onthe region, future time horizon and greenhouse gas concentration pathways. These results overlap with a projected increasein precipitation over most of the regions, which has a strong seasonality and, therefore, will have some implications upon thefuture meteorological drought developments and the agricultural and hydrological practices in SSA.