Patrones de diversidad nuclear y mitocondrial en guanacos de la patagonia

MATÉ L.; BUSTAMANTE A.; ZAMBELLI A.; VIDAL-RIOJA

Mejoramiento genético y reproducción en Camélidos Sudamericanos

Miragaya-Olivera-Puig (Editores)

Año: 2006; p. 22 - 28

Genotype data from 14 microsatellite DNA and sequences from Control Region mitochondrial DNA were used to assess the genetic diversity of four guanaco populations from Argentine Patagonia. These animals were recently captured in the wild and maintained in semi-captivity for fiber production. Considerable nuclear genetic diversity in these populations was suggested by the finding of a total of 162 alleles, an average mean number of alleles per locus ranging from 6.50 to 8.19, and He values ranging from 0.66 to 0.74. Thirty-nine out of 56 loci/population combinations were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium due to guanaco heterozygote deficiency, which may be explained by population subdivision. Contrasting with nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA variability resulted very low, since only three mitochondrial haplotypes among all the analyzed animals were found. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity ranged between 0.083-0.383 and 0.001-0.005, respectively. We concluded that numerical bottlenecks experienced by camelids during and after European colonization, affected the mitochondrial genome higher than to the nuclear genome. This unexpected result found in the guanaco population here analyzed, can be explained by the differences in their effective size.e values ranging from 0.66 to 0.74. Thirty-nine out of 56 loci/population combinations were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium due to guanaco heterozygote deficiency, which may be explained by population subdivision. Contrasting with nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA variability resulted very low, since only three mitochondrial haplotypes among all the analyzed animals were found. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity ranged between 0.083-0.383 and 0.001-0.005, respectively. We concluded that numerical bottlenecks experienced by camelids during and after European colonization, affected the mitochondrial genome higher than to the nuclear genome. This unexpected result found in the guanaco population here analyzed, can be explained by the differences in their effective size.