Threat patterns and conservation status of endemic vascular flora in Argentina: a quantitative perspective

SALARIATO, DIEGO L.; ZANOTTI, CHRISTIAN; ZULOAGA, FERNANDO O.

Phytotaxa

Mangolia Press

Lugar: Auckland; Año: 2023 vol. 520 p. 21 - 39

1179-3155

Global warming, coupled with habitat destruction and human activity, are accelerating the rates of species extinctionworldwide. Species-extinction risk assessment, using the IUCN Red List categories, together with the study of the spatialpatterns of biodiversity, are fundamental approaches to identify conservation priorities and targeting government decisionsto mitigate impacts on biodiversity. Here, we analyzed threat levels of endemic species for the entire Argentinean vascularflora. Accordingly, we classified species following the IUCN threat categories and analyzed threat levels within differentfamilies, plant life-forms, and biogeographic regions of the country. We also analyzed spatial patterns of threat by means ofmacroecological modeling techniques and explored the effectiveness of current protected areas in relation to the threatenedendemics they actually included. The results showed that of the 1683 Argentinean endemic vascular plant taxa, 800 specieswere categorized under threat (VU, EN, or CR) (~47%). Families with the highest number of threatened species were alsothose with the highest number of endemics; herbs and climbing plants presented significantly higher threat levels, and amongbiogeographic provinces, the most affected in terms of threat proportion were the Altoandina, Yungas, and Paranaense. Inaddition, different hotspots of threatened endemism were detected, mainly associated with mountainous areas with highaltitudinal heterogeneity; of these, only nearly half of the hotspots are included, at least partially, within a protected area.An up-to-date species list of Argentinean endemic plants, including their proposed conservation status, is also provided.This work seeks to contribute to the knowledge on geographical patterns of the Argentinean flora and its conservation,complementing the information published in the Flora of Argentina.