Nanoparticle-based vaccines trigger Th1-dependent humoral and celular immune responses to treat or prevent infectious and non infectious diseases.

BIANCHI, DAIANA; CHAVERO, CAMILA; RIZZO, GASTON; APUZZO, EUGENIA; HERRERA, SANTIAGO; AGAZZI, MAXIMILIANO; CORTEZ, LORENA; MARMISOLLÉ, WALDEMAR; AZZARONI, OMAR; SMALDINI PAOLA L; DOCENA GUILLERMO H

Congreso; SAIC ? SAI-FAIC- SAFIS; 2022

Nanoparticle-based vaccines are used as novel immunointervention strategies to preventor treat infectious and non-infectious diseases through the induction of T-dependenthumoral and cellular effector mechanisms. We aimed to optimize a vaccination strategyand compare nanoparticles (Np) with other commonly used adjuvants.BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally administered with Np, Alum and Alum-CpG, anddifferent concentrations of OVA as immunogen. The humoral (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) andcellular immune responses were evaluated by ELISA and Flow Cytometry, respectively.Different control groups that received only the adjuvant or immunogen were included.We observed that Np triggered higher OVA-specific IgG antibodies in serum andbronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) than alum-based adjuvants (p<0.05), with higher levels ofOVA-specific IgG2a (3595717,1; 359,1  67,78 and 618,7  222,5 for Np, alum andalum+CpG, respectively). The analysis of the cellular immune response showed thatsplenocytes from mice vaccinated with OVA/Np showed the most prominent productionof IFN-γ. We also observed that the cell source of IFN-γ was T cells, as the frequency ofCD4+IFN-γ+ and CD8+IFN-γ+ cells were significantly increased only in Np/OVA mice.In conclusion, our findings showed that the nanoparticles, which could be used as a carrierfor mucosal vaccines, are potent adjuvants that promoted Th1-dependent humoral andcellular immune responses (p<0.05), with mucosal IgG and high production of IFN-γ.This Np-based vaccine could be exploited in systemic and mucosal vaccines for infectiousand non-infectious vaccines as preventive (viral infectious) or therapeutic (allergy andtumors) immunointervention strategies.