Nanoelectrodes and Nanopores Ensembles for Electrobioanalytical Applications

BATTAGLINI, FERNANDO

Handbook of Nano bioelectrochemistry

Springer-Nature

Año: 2023; p. 111 - 129

The compoundword nanoelectrochemistry containstheprefix nano- and thenounelectrochemistry. Eachofthesetermsencompassesawidevarietyofmeaningsandfeaturesinvariousareasofscientific enquiry(Singhetal. 2012). Nano-electrochemistryreferstothedimensionalscaleofelectrodesandelectrochemicaloccurrences,asopposedtovolume,mass,ortime.Nanoscaleelectrochemistryissignificant fornewelectrochemicalscienceandformanyotherkeyresearchareas,such asenergytransformation,catalysis,sensordevelopment,andenvironmentalscience.Newelectrochemicalphenomena,attributes,andtechnologicalabilitiesindispensabletodecreasingthedimensionsofanelectrochemicalprobetothenanometerscaleandtheelectrochemicalattributesofnewnanoscaleelectrodesub-stancesarethefrontiersofnanoelectrochemistry.Conventionaldescriptionsofthenanoscalerefertolengthsbetween1and100nm.Nanoscaleelectrochemicalstudieshave provideduniqueinformationunattainableviastandardprocedures.Forinstance, nanoelectrodescanmeasureveryfastelectron-transferkineticsthatarefrequentlytoofasttostudywithstudyelectrodes.Nanoscaleelectrochemicalsub-stances,suchasmetalnanoparticles,haveunrivaledphysicalandchemicalattri-butes,andnanoscaleelectrochemicalprocedurescanbeappliedtoproduceadvancedelectrocatalyticsubstances.Further,theuseofnanoscaleelectrodeshasrealizedelectrochemicalimagingwithnanoscalespatialresolutions,generatingdatathatimprove ourunderstandingofheterogeneouselectrode–solutioninterfaces(Palitand Hussain 2020). Nanoscaleelectrochemistryhasplayedacrucialroleinincreas-ing ourunderstandingofelectron-transferprocessesattheelectrolyteorelectrodeinterface andspursonapplied,fundamental,andbasicelectrochemicalinvestiga-tions. Nanoscaleelectrodesareimportantinnearlyallaspectsofnanoscaleelectro-chemistry,includingcatalyticnanoparticles,nanoscaleelectrochemicaldescriptions,and electron-transferkinetics.Thekeychallengesandtargeteddomainsinnanoscaleelectrochemistryhaveincludedthelackofstructuralcontrolinnanoelectrodeprep-aration andthenecessityforadvancedmethodsforstructuralcharacterization.Thiscan belargelysolvedviatheuseofnanofabricationandnanocharacterizationpro-cedures.Nanopore-basedelectrochemicalprocedureshaveattractedglobalinterestin researchandwillcontinuetorapidlygrowinthefuture(PalitandHussain 2020).Currentlyareasofnanoelectrochemistryinclude(a)theextraordinarypropertiesofelectrodes,(b)nanoelectrodefabrication,and(c)nanoelectrodes.