NANOPARTÍCULAS METÁLICAS Y DE ÓXIDOS METÁLICOS COMO SOPORTES PARA LA INMOVILIZACIÓN ENZIMÁTICA: UNA VISIÓN GENERAL

CARLA YAMILA POTILISKI; PEDRO DARÍO ZAPATA; ALICIA ESTHER ARES

Revista SAM

Asociación Argentina de Materiales (SAM)

Lugar: Buenos Aires; Año: 2023 vol. 1 p. 40 - 59

1668-4788

Nanoparticles and enzymes are key components in the increasing development of the areas of nanobiotechnology, industry and medical sciences. Nanoparticles are structures composed of materials such as metals, polymers or silica, and vary in size from nanometers to micrometers. This particularity gives them unique properties, which allows them to interact in a special way with biomolecules, cells and biological systems. On the other hand, enzymes are biological proteins that act as catalysts in chemical reactions within living organisms. Their ability to accelerate chemical reactions makes them essential for life and exponentially increases their possibilities of application in various fields. Immobilization of enzymes on nanoparticles is a strategy that combines the functionality of both components to improve the stability and efficiency of enzymes in various biotechnological applications, creating a hybrid system with unique properties. Immobilization can increase the stability of enzymes against adverse conditions, improve their ability to carry out specific reactions and facilitate their recovery and reuse in biotechnological processes. In this synergy between nanoparticles and enzymes, metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles stand out due to their versatility and characteristic properties, for example their large specific surface area and ease of modification or functionalization, their biocompatibility and the possibility of improved catalysis, and its stability and durability. Enzymatic immobilization has led to major advances in science and technology, with the potential to revolutionize numerous fields from medicine to food production and environmental protection.