Inferences of genetic and epigenetic changes occurred during the hybridization and polyploidization processes that originated Arachis hypogaea (peanut)

PAREDES, E.N.; GARCÍA, A.; VIVIANA GRISELDA SOLIS NEFFA; ROBLEDO, G.

Foz do Iguacu

Congreso; International Congress of Genetics; 2018

International Genetics Federation

Polyploidy and hybridization are the most common evolutionary processes in higher plants with immediate effects on genome structure. These processes would produce a considerable amount of genetic shock in the nucleous, leading to genetic and epigenetic modifications. We compared the AFLP and MS-AFLP profiles of the two subspecies of the allotetraploid Arachis hypogaea (AABB) with those of the wild allotetraploid A. monticola (AABB), two synthetic diploid hybrids(AB), and the diploid parental species A. ipaënsis (BB) and A. duranensis (AA), aiming to analyze the genomic and epigenetic changes occurred in A. hypogaea due to hybridization, polyploidy and domestication/diversification processes. The results of the comparisons between diploids vs.hybrids, hybrids vs. A. monticola, and A. monticola vs. both subspecies of A. hypogaea revealedsimilar frequency of loci gain and loss. All these changes affected both genomes, but A genome suffered more loci loss. The comparisons of methylation states of loci between diploids and hybrids revealed that the change frequency in both A and B genomes were similar, but loci demethylation was more frequent in A and methylation in B. The comparisons between hybrids and wild allotetraploid A. monticola, and A. monticola vs both subspecies of A. hypogaea showed similar frequency of state change. However, loci demethylation was more frequent in polyploidyzation and methylation in domestication/diversification processes. This study suggests that genomic and epigenetic changes due to hybridization, polyploidyzation and domestication/diversification in the origin A. hypogaea were similar in magnitude, but affected the A and B genomes differently.