Population genetics of South American Flamingos

FERRETTI, VALENTINA; VAN TUINEN, MARCEL

Tour du Valat

Workshop; International workshop on flamingo dispersal; 2009

Although all three species of South American flamingos show range overlap in the high Andes, their geographic distribution patterns differ quite markedly, with the Puna flamingo (Phoenicoparrus jamesi) having the most restricted range during the summer, the Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) the most widespread range and the Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus) with a more uniform pattern of distribution between high Andes and puna wetlands. While the factors accounting for this difference in geographic distribution among the three flamingo species remain unknown, we do know these factors could restrict genetic exchange between populations and impact their effective population size. Species-specific differences in dispersal ability and behavior can drive differences in phylogeographic patterns and demographic trends. Here I propose to use DNA microsatellite markers to study the patterns of gene flow between breeding populations of the three South American flamingo species, and the effects of breeding and natal dispersal on population structure and effective population size. Accurate estimates of effective population size are crucial for the management of small populations; they can prove to be valuable tools for predicting the loss of genetic diversity, fitness and survival in endangered populations, and for the generation and implementation of conservation policies tailored to each species’ needs. The insights gained from this study will form a solid, multi-national conservation initiative to protect and preserve crucial areas to the maintenance of the genetic variability of the flamingo populations across the Andean region.