The Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Associations in South America: A Case Study of Argentinean and Brazilian Cattle Raising Productive Ecosystems: A Review

LUGO, MÓNICA A.; ONTIVERO, ROBERTO EMANUEL; IRIARTE, HEBE J.; YELIKBAYEV, BAKHYTZHAN; PAGANO, MARCELA C.

Diversity

MDPI

Año: 2023 vol. 15

Abstract: Mycorrhizal fungus diversity is an ecosystem health indicator, and thus, the appreciationof the aboveground as well as the belowground biota, such as fungi associated with natural andmanaged ecosystems, is essential to provide sustainable products and suggestions to farmers. Lessis known about the totally arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fungal endophytes useful toagroecology, which are environment friendly microbial biofertilizers to mitigate the complications ofconventional farming. Specific AMF are found in most covers; grassy ecosystems are increasinglyinvestigated through their exclusive fungal species that improve sustainable cultivation. Differentgrazed pastures, forages, and their diversity are important objects of study either in economicor ecological scope. Based on recent reports, the occurrence of AMF in grasslands and pastures issignificant, supporting more diverse AMF than native forests. Therefore, we show current informationon these topics. We conducted aWeb of Science search of published articles on AMF, pastures, andgrasslands and analyzed them. The results confirmed the important role of pH as the driver of AMFdiversity distribution between the grassy ecosystems from Argentina and Brazil. In grasslands, themain family represented was Glomeraceae, while pastures maintain predominantly Acaulosporaceae.Brazilian grasslands and pastures presented four times the AMF richness of those from Argentina.