INVESTIGADORES
ALFARO GOMEZ Emma Laura
artículos
Título:
Surnames in Chile: A study of the population of Chile through isonymy
Autor/es:
BARRAI I, RODRIGUEZ-LARRALDE A, DIPIERRI J, ALFARO E, ACEVEDO N, MAMOLINI E, SANDRI M, CARRIERI A, SCAPOLI C
Revista:
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Editorial:
WILEY-LISS, DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
Referencias:
Lugar: New York; Año: 2012 p. 380 - 388
ISSN:
0002-9483
Resumen:
In Chile, the Hispanic dual surname system is
used. To describe the isonymic structure of this country, the distribution of
16,277,255 surnames of 8,178,209 persons was studied in the 15 regions, the 54 provinces,
and the 346 communes of the nation. The number of different surnames found was
72,667. Effective surname number (Fisher?s
a) for the entire country was 309.0, the average for regions was 240.8 6 17.6,
for provinces 209.2 6 8.9, and for communes 178.7 6 4.7.
These values display a variation of inbreeding between administrative levels in
the Chilean population, which can be attributed to the ?Prefecture effect? of
Nei and Imaizumi. Matrices of isonymic distances between units within administrative
levels were tested for correlation with geographic distance. The correlations
were highest for provinces (r 5 0.630 6 0.019 for Euclidean distance) and lowest for
communes (r 5 0.366 6 0.009 for Lasker?s). The geographical distribution of the first
three-dimensions of the Euclidean distance matrix suggests that populationdiffusion
may have taken place from the north of the country toward the center and south.
The prevalence of European plus European-Amerindian (95.4%) over Amerindian ethnicity
(4.6%, CIA World Factbook) is compatible with diffusion of Caucasian groups
over a low-density area populated by indigenous groups. The significant excess
of maternal over paternal indigenous surnames indicates some asymmetric mating
between nonAmerindian and Amerindian Chileans. The available studies of
Y-markers and mt-markers are in agreement with this asymmetry. In the present
work, we investigate the Chilean population with the aim of detecting its
structure through the study of isonymy (Crow and Mange, 1965) in the three administrative
levels of the nation, namely 15 regions, 54 provinces, and 346 communes