Niche modeling supports the origin of peanut in the orchards of ancient inhabitants

SEIJO, GUILLERMO; PERÉZ, MARIA LAURA; MORENO, ERCILA SARA; CHALUP, LAURA; SAMOLUK, SEBASTIÁN; ROBLEDO, GERMÁN; SOLÍS NEFFA, VIVIANA G.

Conferencia; Nineth Internatinal Conference of the Peanut Research Community. Community - Advances in Arachis through Genomics & Biotechnology; 2017

Peanut Genome Initiative (PGI)

Arachis duranensis (A genome) and A. ipaensis (B genome) are, respectively, the maternal and paternal diploid genome donors of peanut and A. monlico/a (4x, AABB). Two hypotheses were proposed concerning the scenario of the origin of tetraploids, 1) spontaneous hybridization in natural environments, for which sympatric distribution of diploid parents is needed and, 2) ancient people used, moved and cultivated wild species, giving a chance to the progenitors of peanut to get in sympatry in their orchards. The only one known population of A. ipaensis lives at the north limit of A. duranensis distribution, but the former species lives in an unexpected environment far from its phylogenetically closest species (A. magna) and from any of the olher species with the B genome. In Ihis work we modeled Ihe present and pasl (22000 YBP,LMG) species distribulions to tesl the natural occurrence of A. duranensis in sympatry with any of the B genome species. AII the known localities for A. duranensis, and all the B genome species (exc\uding A. ipaensis) were included in the analysis, Modelling evidenced that it is largely improbable that any of the B genome species would be sympatrically distributed with A. duranensis at present. In the past, and considering only Ihe points for A. magna, there is a low probability (O -25%) that this species overlapped with A. duranensis in a restricted area in the South of Bolivia. This probability decreased to cero when all the B genome species were considered in the analysis. Although our results are not conc\usive, the analysis here performed added data to support an anthropic influence in the origin of peanut.