Sporothrix Brasiliensis: A Review of an Emerging South American Fungal Pathogen, Its Related Disease, Presentation and Spread in Argentina

ETCHECOPAZ, ALEJANDRO; TOSCANINI, MARÍA A.; GISBERT, AMELIA; MAS, JAVIER; SCARPA, MIGUEL; IOVANNITTI, CRISTINA A.; BENDEZÚ, KARLA; NUSBLAT, ALEJANDRO D.; IACHINI, RICARDO; CUESTAS, MARÍA L.

Journal of Fungi

MDPI AG

Año: 2021 vol. 7

Sporotrichosis, caused by Sporothrix schenckii and related species, is the most frequentimplantation mycosis in Latin America. In Argentina, over the last 8 years, there have been 0.16new cases per month of feline sporotrichosis in 2011, increasing to 0.75 cases per month in 2019 andinvolving zoonotic transmission to humans. Molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) detected Sporothrix brasiliensis in these feline and zoonotic outbreaks. This study will focuson different feline and human sporotrichosis outbreaks caused by S. brasiliensis in Argentina during 2011?2019. We will address the sources of infection and environmental hotspots, as well as theapplication of several treatment strategies for improving the pharmacotherapy of the differentclinical forms of the disease. Finally, we will provide a detailed summary of the clinical aspects andnew advances in host?pathogen interactions, virulence factors and immune response, focusing onstate-of-the-art diagnostic tools and potential vaccine candidates.