Ecotoxicity of veterinary enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics on anuran amphibian larvae

PELTZER PAOLA; LAJMANOVICH RAFAEL; ATTADEMO MAXIMILIANO; JUNGES CELINA; TEGLIA CARLA ; MARTINUZZI CANDELA ; CURI LUCILA ; CULZONI MARIA; GOICOCHEA HECTOR

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Lugar: Amsterdam; Año: 2017 vol. 51 p. 114 - 126

1382-6689

The ecological risks posed by two -diketone antibiotics (DKAs, enrofloxacin, ENR and ciprofloxacin, CPX),characterized by their long persistence in aqueous environments and known deleterious effect on modelorganisms suchas zebrafish were analysedusing Rhinella arenarum larvae. Sublethaltests were conductedusing environmentally relevant concentrations of both ENR and CPX (1?1000 g L−1) under standardlaboratory conditions for 96 h. Biological endpoints and biomarkers evaluated were body size, shape,development and growth rates, and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, GST; Catalase, CAT).Risk assessment was analysed based on ration quotients (RQ). The size and shape measurements of thelarvae exposed to concentrations greater than 10 g L−1 of CPX were lower compared to controls (Dunnettpost hoc p < 0.05) and presented signs of emaciation. Concentrations of 1000 g L−1of CPX induced GSTactivity, in contrast with inhibited GST and CAT of larvae exposed to ENR. Risk assessments indicated thatconcentrations greater than or equal to10 g L−1 of CPX and ENR are ecotoxic for development, growth,detoxifying, and oxidative stress enzymes. It is suggested that additional risk assessments may provideevidence of bioaccumulation of CPX and ENR in tissues or organs of amphibian larvae by mesocosmsediment test conditions. Finally, intestinal microbiome studies should be considered to establish themechanisms of action of both antibiotics.