Probiotics: An alternative strategy for combating salmonelosis immune mechanisms involved

CASTILLO, NATALIA; DE MORENO DE LEBLANC, ALEJANDRA; MALDONADO GALDEANO, CAROLINA; PERDIGON, GABRIELA

FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Año: 2011

0963-9969

Salmonella produces infections of different nature and severity depending of many factors including the 19produces infections of different nature and severity depending of many factors including the 19 Salmonella serovar involved, strain virulence, infective dose, host animal species, age and immune status of 20serovar involved, strain virulence, infective dose, host animal species, age and immune status of 20 the host. The treatments against Salmonella infections rely on supportive and antibiotic therapy to eliminate 21Salmonella infections rely on supportive and antibiotic therapy to eliminate 21 the pathogen, but the development of resistance by Salmonella to the antimicrobials most commonly used 22Salmonella to the antimicrobials most commonly used 22 limits its efficacy. Other disadvantages of antibiotic treatments are that they can lead to acute diarrhea 23ficacy. Other disadvantages of antibiotic treatments are that they can lead to acute diarrhea 23 (antimicrobials normally induce an imbalance of intestinal bacterial flora) and may produce chronic toxicity. 24flora) and may produce chronic toxicity. 24 Considering this undesired consequences of antibiotics and because at the present there are no effective oral 2525 vaccines which protect against salmonellosis, scientists have been searching for alternative methods to 2626 control enteric infections. In the present review, probiotics are proposed as an attractive possibility to attend 2727 this concern. Probiotic are live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer a 2828 health benefit on the host. In vitro and in vivo studies showed the effectiveness of probiotic administration in 29fit on the host. In vitro and in vivo studies showed the effectiveness of probiotic administration in 29 the prevention or in the treatment against Salmonella infection. There are several mechanisms by which 3030 probiotic strains might exert their effects. They include non immune mechanism (stabilization of the gut 3131 mucosal barrier, competition for adhesion, secretion of antimicrobial substances, etc.) and the modulation of 3232 the mucosal and systemic immune responses. These mechanisms are species and/or strain specific. There are 33fic. There are 33 also evidences that in some cases, a mix of probiotic strains can be more useful than each strain alone against 3434 this infection. In addition, the presence of one or more probiotic strains in a fermented product can improve 3535 the beneficial properties of the probiotic strains involved. It was also reviewed the security of probiotics 36ficial properties of the probiotic strains involved. It was also reviewed the security of probiotics 36 administration after Salmonella infection in healthy host and in immunosuppressed or babies hosts. Although, 37Salmonella infection in healthy host and in immunosuppressed or babies hosts. Although, 37 themajor part of the researches were performed in animalmodels through in vivo assays or by in vitro studies 3838 using human cell lines, some studies carried out in humans to verify the probiotic effects were also addressed 3939 in the present review. Nevertheless, is of critical importance to perform more clinical trials in humans to 4040 validate the results obtained with each specific probiotic strain or probiotic product.fic probiotic strain or probiotic product.