Fatty acids of the diet and its relation to the risk of oral squamous cells carcinoma in patients from Argentina

DON, JULIETA ALDANA; GALINDEZ COSTA, FERNANDA; ABALLAY, LAURA; BRUNOTTO, MABEL; SECCHI, DANTE

Roma

Congreso; 7th World Congress of the Inernational Academy of Oral Oncology; 2019

International Academy of Oral Oncology

Objective: it was evaluated the relationship between dialy saturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fatty acids intake, during a long time, and the presence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in adult subjects. Material and Methods: case-control study 3:1, both genders, aged 24-80 years recruited at external service offices of Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Dietary information was pick-up using a quali-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The Man-Whitnney U test was applied for assessing the difference between case/control median values and daily fatty acid intake, and logistic regression was applied for assessing the association between case/control status and fatty acids intake adjusted by alcohol /tobacco. Results: It was observed an significant increase intake of saturated (myristic-palmitic-stearic-arachidic), monounsaturated (palmitoleic-oleic), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic-alpha linoleic),cholesterol (mg/day) in cases compared to controls. Further the omega6/omega3 ratio was higher in cases compared to controls. Conclusions: The lipid metabolism is recently mentioned as a hallmark of malignancy. Our results could be related to diaries intakes of meats, eggs, and alcohol for studied population.This dietary patterns was described as "western diet". In Western diets the amount of ω-6 is greater than in others and therefore the amount of eicosanoids that are obtained from the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid are in greater quantities than those produced by the route of the PUFAs ω- 3. It is known that linoleic and alpha linoleic acids are not interconvertible compounds and that they compete for the Δ6-desaturase, an enzyme that participates in the elongation of the hydrocarbon chains of PUFAs. This study has contributed to the characterization of eating habits in a population in which there are few precedents regarding this determinant of health; but it is neccessary to increase the number of cases and controls for confirming the results. Moreover the succeeding research should focus of attention on reducing the complexity of diet and disease linkage and disminish variability in intake data by standardizing of criteria in order to implement simple strategies in public health for recognizing risk groups of oral squamous cell carcinoma.