Efecto de la fecha de siembra en diferentes híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.): variaciones en la composiciones fúngicas y su potencial impacto en diversos parámetros de rendimiento

GALIZIO, RODRIGO IGNACIO; MARTÍNEZ, MAURO; ARATA, AGUSTÍN FRANCISCO; FERRAGUTI, FACUNDO JAVIER; ESPÓSITO, MARÍA ANDREA; DINOLFO, MARÍA INÉS

Pergamino

Congreso; XII Congreso Nacional de Maíz; 2022

UNNOBA, AIANBA

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops sown worldwide. During the crop cycle, maize can be affected by several fungal diseases, reducing grain yield and grain quality. The election of the sowing date and the genotype are tools that can reduce these negative impacts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the sowing date and its potential effect on fungal diversity and yield parameters. Assays were conducted during 2021 under field conditions (UNCPBA, Argentina). Twelve commercial hybrids were used, and sowing dates were: October 18th (TE); December 2nd (TT). At physiological maturity, disease incidence and severity were measured. After harvest, fungal diversity and grain yield parameters were registered. Results showed that Fusarium isolates prevailed over other fungal species, followed by Penicillium isolates. Fusarium occurrence was higher during TT, while Penicillium occurrence was higher during TE. No significant differences were observed regarding incidence and severity. Grain yield and number of grains/m2 were higher in TT than in TE. Regarding grain humidity, thousand kernel weight, and hectoliter weight, interaction genotype x sowing date was reported. In conclusion, the election of agronomic practices can directly influence fungal diversity and grain yield parameters in maize crops.