Glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with prostate cancer risk in Córdoba, Argentina: a multilevel analysis

NICLIS CAMILA; ROMÁN MARÍA DOLORES; ABALLAY LAURA ROSANA; HALUSZKA EUGENIA; DÁVILA VALENTINA LUCIANA; MASSOBRIO ESTEBAN; BARALE ADRIÁN; MUÑOZ SONIA; BECARIA JULIA; REARTES GABRIELA; DÍAZ MARIA PILAR

Buenos Aires

Congreso; International Congress of Nutrition; 2017

Background and objetives: The dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) would increase the risk of diverse cancers, including prostate cancer (PC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of dietary GI and GL with the risk of PC ocurrence in male population, assessing the urban-rural context variability in Córdoba province in 2008-2015 period. Methods: A case-control study of PC including 163 cases and 324 controls-matched by age and residence- was conducted. All subjects were interviewed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The average daily dietary GI for a subject was computed by summing the products of the GI value of each food times the amount of available carbohydrate (CH); then divided by the total amount of available CH consumed daily. The average GL was calculated by summing the products of the GI value of each food times the amount of CH consumed daily divided by 100. Multilevel logistic regression models were estimated including GI or GL, age, Body Mass Index, energy and fat intake as covariates at the individual level, and level of urbanization of subject´s residence as clustering factor (200,000 inhabitants), with the disease status (presence/absence of PC) being the response variable. Results: Odds of PC increase linearly with increasing GI and GL (OR 1.04; 95%CI 1.02-1.05 and OR 1.01; 95%CI 1.003-1.01). Moreover, men at the third tertile of GI showed a higher risk for PC ocurrence (OR 1.51; 95%CI 1.30-1.75) compared to men in the first tertile. The promoting effect was stronger when comparing the highest vs. the lowest tertile of GL (OR 2.06; 95%CI 2.01-2.11). There was not aggregation linked to the level of urbanization. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a diet with high GI and GL is associated with an increased risk of PC. Hence, more attention must be given to the quality of dietary carbohydrates when promoting healthy dietary habits in men.