Hybrid biomaterials to preconcentrate and determine toxic metals and metalloids: a review

INGRASSIA, ESTEFANÍA; FIORENTINI, EMILIANO; ESCUDERO, LETICIA B.

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG

Lugar: HEIDELBERG; Año: 2023 p. 1 - 19

1618-2642

Toxic elements represent a serious threat to the environment and cause harmful efects on diferent environmental components, even at trace levels. These toxic elements are often difcult to detect through the typical instrumentation of an analyticallaboratory because they are found at very low concentrations in matrices such as food and water. Therefore, preconcentration plays a fundamental role since it allows the efects of the matrix to be minimized, thus reaching lower detection limitsand greater sensitivity of detection techniques. In recent years, solid-phase extraction has been successfully used for thepreconcentration of metals as an environmentally friendly technique due to the fact that it eliminates or minimizes the useof reagents and solvents and ofers reduced analysis times and low generation of waste in the laboratory. Hybrid biomaterials are low-cost, eco-friendly, and useful as efcient solid phases for the preconcentration of elements. In this review,recent investigations based on the use of hybrid biomaterials for the preconcentration and determination of toxic metals arepresented and discussed, given special attention to bionanomaterials. A brief description of hybrid biomaterials often usedfor analytical purposes, as well as analytical techniques mostly used to characterize the hybrid biomaterials, is explained.Finally, the future prospects that encourage the search for new hybrid biomaterials are commented upon.