Characterization of two new olive genotypes (Olea europaea L.) for Super-High Density Hedgerow Orchards in Argentina

MASTIO, VALERIO; PIERANTOZZI, PIERLUIGI; TIVANI, MARTÍN; CONTRERAS, CIBELES; GENTILI, LUCIANA; BUENO, LUIS; MAESTRI, DAMIÁN; TORRES, MARIELA

Córdoba

Congreso; Simposio; Primer Simposio de Mejoramiento Genetico Vegetal; 2021; 2021

INTA

To date, only three cultivars of low vigour(?Arbequina?, ?Arbosana? and ?Koroneiki?) are widely used in ?Super HighDensity? (SHD) (with over than 1500 trees ha−1) hedgerow orchards.Of these cultivars ?Arbequina? is so far the most widely planted even thoughthe growing interest in SHD plantings is stimulating the selection and thebreed of new cultivars. However, after more than 20 years the limitedavailability of cultivars suitable for SHD olive orchards still remains as oneof the main inconvenients. Thus, this study proposes a preliminary chemicalcharacterization of two genotypes developed by INTA - EEA San Juan's breedingprogram for a SHD model, and to compare their performance vs. ?Arbequina?. During 2019/2020 growing season, 50 kg g of healthy drupesselected from the mid‐canopyof the entire perimeter of the tree were collected, at an optimal stage ofripeness, from two new genotypes and ?Arbequina?. After homogenization andcleaning, oils from each genotype were extracted using a centrifugation system(dual-phase decanter). Primary and secondary characterization of thesegenotypes was performed following the IOC methodologies. Tocopherols and fattyacids composition were identified and quantified by HPLC and GC, respectively;while the total phenol content was determined by the Folin?Ciocalteau method. Alldeterminations were done in triplicate. Statistical differences were estimatedby ANOVA test at the 5% level (P ≤ 0.05) of significance, for all parametersevaluated, and also a pair-wise comparison of means by least significantdifference (LSD) was carried out. As showed on Figure 1 (a), the two new genotypespresented a similar industrial performance that Arbequina; both also exhibited higher oil content in the pulp andmoisture (Figure 1b and c). Regarding fatty acids profile, and morespecifically for oleic acid, CV 31-9is particularly interesting, since presented significantly higher values thanthose of Arbequina (Table 1). Alloils were classed as ?extra‐virgin?according to IOC normative. The concentration of total tocopherols in both newgenotypes (CV 31-9 and CV 31-10) showedhigher values than Arbequina, and thesame tendency was observed for the total phenol content (Table 1). To concludewe can say that both new olive genotype belonging to INTA's breeding programshow promising chemical and industrial characteristics in relation to theSpanish cultivar. However, more evaluations will be necessary in the nearfuture (e.g.: vegetative and productive tree characteristics) to prove itsadaptability to super high density hedgerow planting system.