Huella hídrica del cultivo de soja a partir de datos de satélite en el Centro Sureste de la Pampa Argentina

OLIVERA RODRIGUEZ, PAULA; RIVAS, RAUL; HOLZMAN, MAURO; CARMONA, FACUNDO

Tucuman

Congreso; ARGENCON 2018; 2018

Abstract:The Water footprint is a qualitative and quantitative indicator of wáter consumption, being its estimation of vital importance to achieve maximum efficiency in the use of the resource, the minimization of environmental effects and sustained production in rainfed crops. It comprises the Blue Water, from surface and underground sources, the Grey Water that belongs to the contaminated water after any production process and the Green Water resulting on the rain evapotranspiration by the crop.Soy is a rainfed crop, inoculated and with very low fertilization, so the Blue Water and Grey Water footprint calculations are dismissed. To estimate the Green Water footprint in the party of Tandil, specific equations and methodologies were applied centered in teledetection. Satellite images from Landsat DCM mission were used to classify soy parcels, calculate the actual evapotranspiration (ETr) considering water availability by the evaporative fraction (EF) and then the performance yield (Y).As a result, an alternative equation to the one recommended by the FAO was found. It consists in the calculation of evapotranspiration and the Green Water footprint, and then the estimation of Y applying a non-traditional spatial model. Both achievements allow to simplify and speed up the calculation of the Water Footprint and its three components in different scales. Finally, a map of the Green Water Footprint was obtained, where the different values of the green water footprint consumed by each parcelin the region of interest is shown indicating that the water consumed to produce 1 kg of soy was between 650 l and 1800 l.