CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos

Weeds are one of the biological adversities that affect the most the crops. Current production systems are based on the almost exclusive use of agrochemicals and transgenic crops, as a result of which weeds have emerged and they are difficult to control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of weeds that are difficult to control in fallows. The study area included agricultural establishments (AEs) located in the S. of Córdoba and SW of Santa Fe. The survey was carried out in April and May in different AEs, during the years 2014, 2015 and 2016. Fifty establishments were surveyed (1000 censuses), of which 2 lots were selected and 10 surveys were carried out in each one of them. The sampling was carried out crossing the lots in W. Each census occupied an area of 1m2, where it was measured for each of the species: abundance-coverage, diversity, richness and equity. The weed community involved 60 species distributed in 21 families, the most representative being Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. There were 11 species cited as difficult to control weeds. The presence in the AEs in percentage terms were the following: Conyza bonariensis (86%), Chenopodium album (22%), Sonchus oleraceus (34%), Brassica rapa (14%), Verbena litoralis (8%), Oenothera indecora (6%), Eleusine indica (2%), Lolium multiflorum (2%), Parietaria debilis (6%), Raphanus sativus(4%) and Verbena bonariensis (6%). Also nine (9) species were present in all the AEs: Conyza bonariensis, Gamochaeta filaginea, Lamium amplexicaule, Bowlesia incana, Descurainia argentina, Urtica urens, Oxalis conorrhiza, Senecio pampeanus and Taraxacum officinale. It is concluded that frequent monitoring of weeds is necessary not only at the level of AEs, but also on a regional scale in order to have up-to-date information on the possible expansion of weeds that are difficult to control.

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