Before and after of the Hudson volcano eruption: paleoecological Approach by multidisciplinary analysis of camelid coprolites

BENVENUTO, MARÍA LAURA; BURRY, LIDIA SUSANA; NADIA VELÁZQUEZ; ANA CECILIA MARTÍNEZ TOSTO; ROMINA PETRIGH; IVANA CAMIOLO; DAMIÁN BOZZUTO; NATALIA L. FERNÁNDEZ; NICOLÁS MAVEROFF; RICARDO GUICHON

Kiel

Congreso; 27th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists; 2021

The earliest human occupation evidence in the Pueyrredón-Posadas lake basin (SantaCruz, Argentina) is dated to ca. 8,600 cal BP. However, there are no archaeologicalr ecords between ca. 8,100-7,700 cal BP. This hiatus coincides with the H1 Hudson volcano eruption about 7,900 cal BP, as indicated by the presence of tephra in the stratigraphy of two archaeological sites in the area. This eruption was recorded as the largest in the southern of the Andes during the post glacial period. The proposed hypothesis is that this event influenced the permanence of camelids and the human population in this region. Camelids were the main resource of hunter-gatherer populations of Patagonia during the Holocene. At regional scale, archaeological studies showed variations in lithic technology, styles of projectile points, instrument size and rock art among the sets recorded before and after the H1 eruption. The hypothesis willbe tested in part through a multiproxy analysis of camelid coprolites collected from layers immediately below and above the Hudson ash level at the Cueva Milodón Norte 1site (47.30ºS 71.89ºW). Silicophytoliths, pollen, plant remains, stable isotopes (C and N)and aDNA of coprolites will be analyzed to evaluate changes in the frequency and abundance of these proxies that may be associated with paleodiet, seasonality in the useof the site before and after the H1 eruption. In the present work, results of silicophytoliths, pollen and plant remains in current guanaco feaces collected near thesite are presented as a reference model for the coprolites analyses. Forest taxa such as, Nothofagus spp. (Nothofagaceae) and steppe taxa such as, Caryophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Poa ligularis (Poaceae subf. Pooideae), Empetrum rubrum (Empetraceae), Mulinum spinosum (Apiaceae), among others, were identified. These results willcontribute to interpreting the changes and interactions in pre- and post-eruption scenarios.