Tooth replacement in the non-mammalian cynodont Cynosaurus suppostus (Therapsida) from the late Permian of South Africa

NORTON, LUKE A.; ABDALA, FERNANDO; RUBIDGE, BRUCE S.; BOTHA, JENNIFER

JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY

SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY

Año: 2022

0272-4634

Five specimens of the late Permian cynodont Cynosaurus suppostus, inferred to represent an ontogeneticgrowth series, were imaged using X-ray microtomography in order to determine the pattern of tooth replacement for thespecies. Due to the small sample size, and damage to the rostrum in several specimens, replacement patterns of theincisors could not be accurately determined. Evidence supporting the presence of two maxillary canine loci in a juvenileCynosaurus is presented. Replacement of the mandibular canines ceased at a basal skull length of ∼88 mm, whereasreplacement of the maxillary canines ceased at a basal skull length of ∼90 mm. The final canine generation to erupt inboth the maxillae and mandible had open-rooted apices. An alternating pattern of replacement is described for themaxillary and mandibular postcanine series. Postcanine replacement generations in the maxilla are seemingly separated bytwo tooth loci, whereas in the mandible replacement activity occurs at alternating loci. Cessation of replacement in thefirst maxillary postcanine locus (PC1) is synchronized with the eruption of the replacement tooth in the third locus (PC3).This cessation of replacement at PC1 results in a distal migration of the entire maxillary postcanine series. This patternprovides possible evidence for a finite number of replacement generations occurring at the active PC1. There appear tohave been two replacement cycles per postcanine locus in Cynosaurus, which is a lower number of total replacements perpostcanine locus than previously estimated for the Early Triassic basal cynodont Thrinaxodon liorhinus.